Psychoneuroimmune Implications of Non-Infectious Neuroimmune System Activation and the Impact of Type 2 Diabetes
Johnson, Daniel Robert
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Permalink
https://hdl.handle.net/2142/83608
Description
Title
Psychoneuroimmune Implications of Non-Infectious Neuroimmune System Activation and the Impact of Type 2 Diabetes
Author(s)
Johnson, Daniel Robert
Issue Date
2007
Doctoral Committee Chair(s)
Freund, Gregory G.
Department of Study
Animal Sciences
Discipline
Animal Sciences
Degree Granting Institution
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Degree Name
Ph.D.
Degree Level
Dissertation
Keyword(s)
Psychology, Behavioral
Language
eng
Abstract
Sick individuals exhibit a variety of symptoms that include malaise, fatigue, nausea, fever, decreased food intake, decreased body weight and loss of interest in the physical and social environment. Commonly dismissed by clinicians as non-consequential side effects of infection, this brain-based response to innate immune system activation reflects a shift in an organism's motivational priorities to maximize immune efficiency in clearing the invading pathogen and facilitating recovery. However, in disease states that contain an element of chronic inflammation such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, these cytokine-mediated behavioral modifications may contribute to the deleterious psychological and physical components of the disease. Additionally, recent evidence has implicated innate immune system activation in the pathology of a variety of conditions including hypoxia and heat-related illness. This literature review focuses on the influence of cytokines on type 2 diabetes and associated complications, including the psychoneuroimmunological impact of acute cerebral hypoxia. Chapters 2 through 4 establish that (1) IGF-1 and vanadyl sulfate speeds recovery from lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroimmune system activation, while only vanadyl sulfate is effective in the db/db mouse model of type 2 diabetes, (2) acute hypoxia activates the IL-1beta arm of the neuroimmune system, which is exacerbated by type 2 diabetes, and (3) acute exposure to radiant heat activates the peripheral and neuroimmune systems. Taken together, these findings indicate that disease or environmental conditions are capable of inducing psychoneuroimmunological consequences, potentially contributing to the progression of disease or injury, of which individuals with type 2 diabetes are particularly susceptible. Importantly, these findings also demonstrate that IGF-1, vanadyl sulfate and IL-1 receptor antagonist is effective at mitigating the psychoneuroimmunological impact of neuroimmune system activation.
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