Dietary Energy Restriction During Late Gestation in Multiparous Holstein Cows
Dann, Heather Marie
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Permalink
https://hdl.handle.net/2142/83568
Description
Title
Dietary Energy Restriction During Late Gestation in Multiparous Holstein Cows
Author(s)
Dann, Heather Marie
Issue Date
2004
Doctoral Committee Chair(s)
Drackley, James K.
Department of Study
Animal Sciences
Discipline
Animal Sciences
Degree Granting Institution
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Degree Name
Ph.D.
Degree Level
Dissertation
Keyword(s)
Agriculture, Animal Culture and Nutrition
Language
eng
Abstract
Multiparous Holstein cows were used to determine the effects of diet, intake, and physiological state on hepatic mitochondrial camitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) activity. In experiment 1, 30 cows were fed high grain (HG), high fat (HF), or high grain + high fat (HGF) diets from dry-off to parturition. During the periparturient period, cows fed HG had higher CPT activity than cows fed HGF. In experiment 2, 39 cows were fed either HG or HF diets from dry-off to parturition at either ad libitum (A) or restricted (R) intake. Neither diet nor intake affected CPT activity. In both experiments, CPT activity was lowest at -21 d, highest at 1 d, and gradually decreased at 21 d and 65 d relative to parturition. In experiment 3, 35 multiparous cows were used to evaluate the effects of prepartum intake and postpartum health status on periparturient metabolism. Cows were fed a diet at either A or R intake from dry-off to parturition. At 4 days in milk (DIM), healthy cows were assigned to the control group or the ketosis induction (feed restriction) group and cows with periparturient disorders (PD) were assigned to the PD group. Prepartum metabolism and CPT I activity were consistent with plane of nutrition. Prepartum intake did not affect postpartum metabolism or milk yield. Ketosis and PD negatively affected metabolism (except CPT I activity and sensitivity) and milk yield during the first 14 DIM. The negative effects were minimal by 42 DIM. In experiment 4, 74 multiparous Holstein cows were used to determine the effects of far-off and close-up diets on prepartum metabolism and postpartum metabolism and performance. During the far-off period, cows were fed a control diet (FOCA) at A intake or a higher nutrient density diet at either A (FOHA) or R (FOHR) intake. During the close-up period, cows were fed a close-up diet at either A or R intake. Prepartum metabolism was consistent with plane of nutrition. Cows fed FOCA or FOHR had a better energy status during the first 10 DIM. Far-off and close-up diets had minimal effect on metabolism and milk yield during the first 56 DIM.
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