Branched -Chain Amino Acid Nutrition of Grow-Finish Pigs and Young Chicks
Parr, Theresa Margaret
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https://hdl.handle.net/2142/83555
Description
Title
Branched -Chain Amino Acid Nutrition of Grow-Finish Pigs and Young Chicks
Author(s)
Parr, Theresa Margaret
Issue Date
2003
Doctoral Committee Chair(s)
Baker, David H.
Department of Study
Animal Sciences
Discipline
Animal Sciences
Degree Granting Institution
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Degree Name
Ph.D.
Degree Level
Dissertation
Keyword(s)
Agriculture, Animal Culture and Nutrition
Language
eng
Abstract
Three bioassays and two digestibility trials were conducted to determine the true digestible isoleucine (Ile) requirement for maximal weight gain and minimal plasma urea-nitrogen (PUN) of growing (25 to 45 kg) pigs. An Ile-deficient basal diet (0.30% true digestible Ile) utilizing red blood cells (RBC) was developed and validated. Digestibility of Ile in the RBC product was determined in both cecectomized roosters and ileal-cannulated pigs and found to be 97%. Broken-line analysis of dose titrations of Ile (0.38 to 0.58% true digestible Ile) suggested a true digestible Ile requirement of 0.50% for growing pigs. Minimal plasma urea-nitrogen levels in the blood agreed with results of the growth assay, suggesting that growing pigs between 25 and 45 kg require an estimated 0.50% true digestible Ile in the diet, or 1.46 g/Mcal ME, for maximal weight gain and minimal PUN. A second project examined the true digestible Ile requirement of high-lean-gain, late-finishing pigs, utilizing maximal weight gain and minimal PUN as response parameters. True digestibility of Ile in the basal diet was calculated to be 88%, based on the 97% true digestibility value obtained for Ile in RBC, together with true Ile digestibility values for corn and soybean meal. Maximal weight gain and minimal PUN responses to incremental Ile suggested a true digestible Ile requirement estimate of 0.31%, or 0.89 g/Mcal ME for high-lean-gain, late-finishing pigs. The third project evaluated the ideal ratios of Ile and valine (Val) relative to lysine (Lys) in chicks during the second and third week of life. A basal diet deficient in Lys, Ile and Val was formulated utilizing corn-gluten meal (CGM). Six dose levels of each AA were fed in three different experiments. Quadratic responses to each AA occurred when graded levels of digestible Lys (0.68 to 1.28%), Ile (0.45 to 0.95%) or Val (0.51 to 1.06%) were fed. Breakpoint requirement estimates for gain and gain:feed, respectively, were: Lys (0.85, 0.96%), Ile (0.59, 0.58%), and Val (0.74, 0.74%). Using the higher of broken-line requirement estimates for gain and gain:feed, ideal ratios (as a % of Lys) were: Lys (100), Ile (61.6) and Val (77.8).
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