Protein, Phosphorus, and Energy Utilization in Young Chickens and Pigs as Affected by Microbial Phytase and Nutritionally -Enhanced Corn Hybrids
Peter, Christopher Matthew
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https://hdl.handle.net/2142/83534
Description
Title
Protein, Phosphorus, and Energy Utilization in Young Chickens and Pigs as Affected by Microbial Phytase and Nutritionally -Enhanced Corn Hybrids
Author(s)
Peter, Christopher Matthew
Issue Date
2001
Doctoral Committee Chair(s)
Baker, David H.
Department of Study
Animal Sciences
Discipline
Animal Sciences
Degree Granting Institution
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Degree Name
Ph.D.
Degree Level
Dissertation
Keyword(s)
Environmental Sciences
Language
eng
Abstract
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of phytase for improving protein-amino acid (AA) utilization in corn gluten meal (CGM) and soybean meal (SBM) for young chickens and pigs using slope-ratio growth, protein accretion, and protein efficiency ratio (g weight gain/g protein intake) assays. Regardless of evaluation method, microbial phytase did not (P > 0.10) affect protein-AA utilization in CGM or SBM for young chickens and pigs, and this inability was not (P > 0.10) altered by dietary excesses of calcium and available phosphorus (P). Also, it was determined that phytase-mediated responses in chicks fed AA- and P-deficient diets were due solely to increased P utilization and not to improved AA utilization. Reducing inorganic P and selected trace-mineral supplementation of late-finishing swine diets did not (P > 0.10) adversely affect growth performance and carcass traits, but resulted in depressed (P 0.05) with phytase supplementation. Low-phytate (LP) corn was found to contain two times more (P < 0.05) bioavailable P than conventional corn (CONV), and employing LP-corn and microbial phytase, or both, effectively reduced (P < 0.05) the need for inorganic P supplementation, and ultimately reduced (P < 0.05) P excretion by chicks. Moreover, the P bioavailability advantage in LP-corn over CONV-corn translated to more (P < 0.05) bioavailable P in corn gluten feed (CGF) derived from LP-corn compared to that derived from CONV-corn. The most problematic and perplexing observation was the reduced metabolizable energy in corn hybrids containing reduced phytic acid levels. Incorporating the low-phytate trait in either CONV (LP) or in a high protein-high oil hybrid (HPO/LP) reduced the energy value for chickens compared to CONV and HPO controls; it also decreased the energy value of HPO/LP for pigs compared to HPO. These data demonstrate the need for comprehensive evaluation of nutritionally-enhanced grain varieties.
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