Additive and Interactive Effects of Comorbidity During Emotion Processing
Engels, Anna Sunderland
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https://hdl.handle.net/2142/82174
Description
Title
Additive and Interactive Effects of Comorbidity During Emotion Processing
Author(s)
Engels, Anna Sunderland
Issue Date
2009
Doctoral Committee Chair(s)
Heller, Wendy
Department of Study
Psychology
Discipline
Psychology
Degree Granting Institution
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Degree Name
Ph.D.
Degree Level
Dissertation
Keyword(s)
Psychology, Clinical
Language
eng
Abstract
This investigation examined the shared, unique, and interactive effects of anxious apprehension, anxious arousal, and anhedonic depression on brain activation as measured by fMRI while individuals performed an emotion-word Stroop task. As predicted, brain activation distinguished anxious groups in a left inferior frontal region associated with speech production and in a right-hemisphere temporal area. A second hypothesis about left-frontal involvement in emotion was also supported, with distinct left-frontal regions associated with anxious apprehension versus processing of positive information. Using a dimensional approach and hierarchical regression, this investigation also separated regions where comorbidity is inconsequential (i.e., where additive effects dominate) from regions where comorbidity is critical (i.e., where interactive effects dominate) to observed patterns of activation. Consistent with EEG findings, asymmetrical activation of prefrontal cortex was found for depression, but rightward frontal lateralization in depression was dependent on elevated comorbid anxious arousal and simultaneously low comorbid anxious apprehension. Comorbid anxious arousal also moderated the relationship between depression and right posterior activation. These findings highlight the necessity of considering effects of comorbidity on both anterior and posterior brain regions and may help to explain the diversity of brain activity patterns observed in individuals with depression and anxiety.
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