Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity and Anti-Tumorigenic Activity in Balb/c Mice
Fritsche, Kevin Lee
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https://hdl.handle.net/2142/77463
Description
Title
Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity and Anti-Tumorigenic Activity in Balb/c Mice
Author(s)
Fritsche, Kevin Lee
Issue Date
1988
Doctoral Committee Chair(s)
Johnston, Patricia V.
Department of Study
Food Science
Discipline
Food Science
Degree Granting Institution
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Degree Name
Ph.D.
Degree Level
Dissertation
Keyword(s)
Health Sciences, Nutrition
Health Sciences, Immunology
Language
eng
Abstract
Two animal model systems were used to evaluate the effects of an increased consumption of 18:3n-3: cell-mediated cytotoxic (CMC) activity and tumor growth. The most likely mechanism by which dietary 18:3n-3 will alter CMC and tumor growth is through changes in eicosanoid production. One study demonstrated that feeding a diet containing 10% by weight linseed oil (LO), which contains over 50% 18:3n-3, significantly reduced prostaglandin (PG) and leukotriene production by immune cells. That natural and CMC activity after an immunochallenge was generally not altered by LO feeding was shown in a subsequent study. In this same study it was observed that CMC activity in the spleen 6 days after a vaccinia virus challenge was significantly greater in LO-fed compared to control mice fed corn oil (CO).
The time course for both the natural killer (NK)/natural cytotoxic (NC)-mediated and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated responses to two suboptimal doses of virus was found to be similar for mice fed LO and CO. As in the previous study, CMC activity against vaccinia virus-infected target cells was significantly higher in mice fed LO than CO, 6 days post-challenge.
When mice were fed a LO diet for 2 months then switched to a CO diet, endogenous PG synthesis by PEC was elevated by 74% and by splenocytes by 37% after 4 days. Natural CMC in the peritoneum was significantly suppressed in mice switched to the CO diet, while splenic NK activity was unchanged.
When fish (menhaden) oil (FO) was utilized as a source of n-3 fatty acids, the reduction of PG synthesis exceeded that obtained for LO-feeding. NK activity in mice fed FO was significantly lower compared to CO-fed mice, although virus-stimulated activity was similar.
Dietary 18:3n-3 retarded the growth and metastatis of the highly metastatic mammary tumor cell line (410.4). Feeding FO had a 2-fold greater effect on tumor PG synthesis, yet did not significantly influence 410.4 growth or metastasis like LO-feeding. On the other hand, feeding FO and not LO, reduced the growth of the slower growing, less metastatic parent mammary tumor cell line (410). CMC activity in tumor-bearing mice was similarly suppressed in all dietary treatments, compared to tumor-free mice.
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