The Influence of Lysine and Arginine Imbalance on Plasma Lipids of The Chick and Pig
Schmeisser, Dale David
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Permalink
https://hdl.handle.net/2142/77442
Description
Title
The Influence of Lysine and Arginine Imbalance on Plasma Lipids of The Chick and Pig
Author(s)
Schmeisser, Dale David
Issue Date
1983
Department of Study
Food Science
Discipline
Food Science
Degree Granting Institution
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Degree Name
Ph.D.
Degree Level
Dissertation
Keyword(s)
Health Sciences, Nutrition
Language
eng
Abstract
Experiments were conducted to examine the effects of lysine and arginine imbalance on plasma lipids of the chick and the pig.
Feeding chicks 4% excess lysine induced anorexia and a twofold elevation of plasma cholesterol (PC); high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and plasma triglyceride (PT) levels were also elevated, but liver lipid concentration was not affected. Supplemental arginine failed to reverse the growth depression or the hypercholesterolemia. Reduced food intake, itself, did not affect PC levels. Excess lysine also prevented the decline in PC expected as the chick ages. Pilot studies suggested that lysine enhances cholesterol synthesis without effect on steroid excretion.
Lysine and arginine imbalance were studied in chicks fed crystalline amino acid diets. Deficiencies of lysine, arginine and total nitrogen similarly elevated PC, HDL cholesterol and PT. Excess lysine likewise elevated plasma lipids, but excess arginine lowered PC and elevated HDL cholesterol. An excess of a balanced amino acid mixture reduced PC and HDL cholesterol substantially below control levels, but omitting arginine from the excess mixture negated part of the hypocholesterolemic effect of excess nitrogen source. A similar omitting of lysine from the mixture did not negate the hypocholesterolemic properties of the amino acid mixture.
Effects of arginine deficiency and excess were studied in young pigs fed low fat, low cholesterol diets. Arginine deficiency reduced performance but had no effect on PC or HDL cholesterol. Severe arginine deficiency reduced plasma triglycerides somewhat. Excess dietary arginine (1% addition), on the other hand, was shown to reduce plasma cholesterol and to cause an increase in the percentage of total cholesterol in the HDL fraction. Plasma triglycerides were not affected by excess arginine.
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