Media Use and Time of Decision in the 1980 Presidential Election
Goldman, Steven Bennett
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https://hdl.handle.net/2142/77300
Description
Title
Media Use and Time of Decision in the 1980 Presidential Election
Author(s)
Goldman, Steven Bennett
Issue Date
1988
Department of Study
Speech Communication
Discipline
Speech Communication
Degree Granting Institution
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Degree Name
Ph.D.
Degree Level
Dissertation
Keyword(s)
Journalism
Political Science, General
Mass Communications
Language
eng
Abstract
This study followed 209 registered voters through the 1980 presidential campaign period as they made their decision among Democratic incumbent Carter, Republican challenger Reagan, and Independent party candidate John Anderson. It follows the panel design of previous mass commmunication election studies; Lazarsfeld (1940), Berelson (1944), Mendelsohn and O'Keefe (1972), Chaffee and Choe (1976).
The effects of difficult decision-making and use of media in a complex race were seen as a weak Carter and a locally-popular third-party candidate apparently caused many to delay their choice.
Through three waves of interviews, respondents were categorized as precampaign (26% of respondents), campaign (24%), post-debate (33%) or last-minute (17%) deciders. The different television, newspaper use, other communicaton behaviors and demographics (including measures of political affiliations, candidate issue and image scales) for these groups were analyzed utilizing the uses-and-gratifications approach of an active, selective audience.
Results. The earliest deciders had the highest relative use of the various communications channels at the earliest measurement. However, their relative use varied as other decision groups increased or decreased their relative media attention. The group of voters who decide gradually, at some point during the campaign (but not at a particular event, such as a debate), showed an increase in attention to political information in the media around their decision time. The people who make their final decision around the time of a major event during the campaign (a debate, a disclosure, a position statement) demonstrated use of the media centered around the channel that best informed them about that event. Last-Minute deciders may be seen as a special case of the "event" deciders. For this group, the event is the imminent Election Day itself. They would turn to the most readily available or habitual medium, television.
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