"Security, Technology and Ideology: ""strategic Enclaves"" In Brazil and India, 1945-1989"
Abraham, Itty
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Permalink
https://hdl.handle.net/2142/72151
Description
Title
"Security, Technology and Ideology: ""strategic Enclaves"" In Brazil and India, 1945-1989"
Author(s)
Abraham, Itty
Issue Date
1993
Doctoral Committee Chair(s)
Weinbaum, Marvin G.
Department of Study
Political Science
Discipline
Political Science
Degree Granting Institution
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Degree Name
Ph.D.
Degree Level
Dissertation
Keyword(s)
Political Science, General
Political Science, International Law and Relations
Abstract
"Strategic enclaves" are spatially distinct, technologically insulated industrial sectors producing strategic goods. This dissertation compared the development of the defense production enclaves in Brazil and India from 1945 to 1989. The dependent variable was autonomous strategic technology development.
Each country study consisted of two chapters. The first chapter detailed the history, structure and functioning of the arms industry. This chapter also identified the primary actors in the industry, sources and extent of financing, and analyzed relations between the private and public sectors. The second chapter evaluated the degree of autonomous technological development within the respective strategic enclaves: the degree of autonomy attained in the arms industry compared to the nuclear sector. Indigenous scientific development was first contexualized historically and then placed within each country's political economy of development, paying special attention to the role of the state.
The following exogenous variables were crucial in explaining the degree of autonomy attained. First, perceptions of each state's international security environment defined the parameters of the strategic enclave. Second, core political factions within the state had to maintain insulation from civil society and cohesion within the state apparatus. As levels of insulation and cohesion varied, so did the efficiency and coherence of these projects. Elite conceptions of national security provided a short term axis around which state managers could mobilize resources. Third, technological strategies varied according to the sector and linkages with civilian technologies. It was found the greater the linkage with the civilian sector and civilian technologies, either in a "dual-use" form or by using civilian programs as a cover, the greater the success of the enterprise. The long term survival of the arms producing establishment, however, was directly related to the degree of state ownership. Degree of ownership, in turn, was a function of elite perceptions of the appropriate role of the state.
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