Studies of Soybean Maturity Genes (Glycine Max, Photoperiod, Flowering)
Mcblain, Brian Arley
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https://hdl.handle.net/2142/71604
Description
Title
Studies of Soybean Maturity Genes (Glycine Max, Photoperiod, Flowering)
Author(s)
Mcblain, Brian Arley
Issue Date
1984
Department of Study
Agronomy
Discipline
Agronomy
Degree Granting Institution
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Degree Name
Ph.D.
Degree Level
Dissertation
Keyword(s)
Biology, Genetics
Abstract
Studies were conducted to investigate the genetics of reproductive development and latitudinal adaptation in soybeans {Glycine max (L.) Merr.}. Maturity gene isolines that were developed in the backgrounds of the cultivars Clark and Harosoy were used to examine the effects of maturity gene pairs E(,1)e(,1), E(,2)e(,2), and E(,3)e(,3) on reproductive development and as testers in genetic analysis of maturity genes in soybean strains.
Greenhouses, dark growth rooms, lights, moving dark chambers, and planting dates provided photoperiod treatments to examine maturity gene effects. The E(,1) gene delayed flowering in all and maturity in most treatments to a greater extent than did the E(,2) or E(,3) genes. E(,1) shortened the period from flowering to maturity by hastening post-flowering reproductive development. The E(,2) gene lengthened the periods planting-to-flowering and flowering-to-maturity, in all photoperiods greater than 12 h, but shortened the latter interval in the 12-h photoperiod. Overall, the E(,3) gene had a relatively consistent delaying effect on flowering but little effect on the period of flowering-to-maturity. The e(,4) gene was not available in isolines so the effect of E(,4) versus e(,4) was not evaluated. In general, the number of photoperiodic cycles required to reach a given reproductive stage varied as a function of the strain's sensitivity to photoperiod, and the length of photoperiods of cycles preceding the onset of that stage.
The use of the isolines as genetic testers to determine maturity genotype at the first three maturity loci was tested by using Harosoy and Clark as unknowns. Their genotypes were confirmed as e(,1)e(,2)E(,3) and e(,1)E(,2)E(,3), respectively. The technique was also applied to other strains. The sister isolines L80-5917, L80-5918, L80-5923, and L80-5931 were confirmed as having the genotype E(,1)e(,2)e(,3) and the late-maturing Harosoy isoline, L64-4584, was shown to have the E(,2) allele. Six ancestral soybean strains were tested. They and their genotypes were: Dunfield, e(,1)e(,2)e(,3); Mandarin, e(,1)e(,2)e(,3) and e(,1)e(,2)E(,3); Mandarin (Ottawa), e(,1)e(,2)E(,3); Mansoy, e(,1)E(,2)e(,3); Mukden e(,1)e(,2)e(,3); and Richland, e(,1)e(,2)e(,3). Dunfield, Mansoy, and Richland testcrosses showed some residual genetic variance for lateness. Mandarin and Mandarin (Ottawa) testcrosses showed residual genetic variance for earliness. A late Harosoy isoline, L64-4830, was shown to have a previously underscribed maturity gene for lateness which was designated 'E(,5)'. Both Harosoy and Clark and their released maturity isolines other than L64-4830, have the e(,5) allele.
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