T2 Mycotoxicosis in Swine Following Topical Application, Intravascular Administration and Inhalation Exposure
Pang, Fei Victor
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Permalink
https://hdl.handle.net/2142/71337
Description
Title
T2 Mycotoxicosis in Swine Following Topical Application, Intravascular Administration and Inhalation Exposure
Author(s)
Pang, Fei Victor
Issue Date
1986
Department of Study
Veterinary Medical Science
Discipline
Veterinary Medical Science
Degree Granting Institution
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Degree Name
Ph.D.
Degree Level
Dissertation
Keyword(s)
Biology, Veterinary Science
Abstract
Studies were conducted to characterize the clinical signs, pathologic changes and pulmonary and systemic immunity of T-2 toxicosis in swine following a single, topical (15 mg/kg), intravascular (0.6 to 5.4 mg/kg) or inhalation (8 or 9 mg/kg; 20 to 30 percent retention) exposure.
Topical T-2 application caused severe dermal injury and adverse systemic effects, including anorexia, posterior weakness, persistent fever and reduced body weight gain; neutrophilia, decreased serum glucose, albumin and alkaline phosphatase activity, and increased serum globulin; lower cell-mediated immune responses; and minimal pancreatic and lymphoid necrosis. Significant amounts of T-2 toxin and its metabolites were detected in dosed areas of the skin and subcutaneous fat. Thus, the skin and subcutaneous fat may act as a depot and site of metabolism for T-2 toxin from which the toxin and its metabolites are slowly absorbed.
Intravascular injection of T-2 toxin caused degeneration and necrosis of lymphoid tissues, gastrointestinal mucosa, pancreas, myocardium, bone marrow, adrenal cortex and kidney. There was a dose-dependent increase in lesion severity except for the pancreatic changes. The lymphoid and gastrointestinal necrosis of T-2 treated pigs are similar to those of other species. The pancreas and heart should also be considered as target organs in the pig.
Inhalation exposure to T-2 toxin caused vomiting, cyanosis, anorexia, lethargy, lateral recumbency and even death. Elevated rectal temperature and poor body weight gain; neutrophilia, lymphopenia, decreased serum protein, and a transient increase followed by a prominent decrease in serum alkaline phosphatase activity; lower cell-mediated and humoral systemic immune responses; markedly reduced phagocytic ability of alveolar macrophages and mitogen-induced blasto-genesis of pulmonary lymphocytes; interstitial pneumonia, and necrosis of lymphoid tissues, gastrointestinal mucosa, pancreas and myocardium were also found. The majority of these alterations occurred early after dosing and were transient. In many respects, the effects of T-2 toxin on pigs dosed by inhalation are similar those following intravascular injection.
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