Trace Element Interrelationships and Zinc Status of the Chicken as Affected by Eimeria Acervulina Infection
Bafundo, Kenneth William
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Permalink
https://hdl.handle.net/2142/71314
Description
Title
Trace Element Interrelationships and Zinc Status of the Chicken as Affected by Eimeria Acervulina Infection
Author(s)
Bafundo, Kenneth William
Issue Date
1984
Department of Study
Veterinary Medical Science
Discipline
Veterinary Medical Science
Degree Granting Institution
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Degree Name
Ph.D.
Degree Level
Dissertation
Keyword(s)
Biology, Veterinary Science
Abstract
Several experiments were conducted to investigate mineral-mineral interactions in young chicks infected with Eimeria acervulina (duodenal coccidiosis). The mineral interactions explored were lead-zinc, lead-copper, calcium-zinc-phytate, cadmium-zinc and iron-zinc. Experimental coccidial infections were produced by crop inoculation of 4 x 10('5) sporulated E. acervulina oocysts on days 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 of the 14-day assay periods.
Coccidial infection reduced gain and efficiency of feed utilization regardless of dietary treatment. Excessive amounts of lead (1100-3300 mg/kg), calcium (1.8-2.7%), cadmium (45 mg/kg) and zinc also reduced performance, while supplemental copper (500 mg/kg) and iron (2000 mg/kg) produced only slight reductions in performance. With the exception of zinc, coccidiosis enhanced tissue concentrations of other individual elements when they were fed in excess.
Supplemental copper (500 mg/kg) and zinc (2000 mg/kg) had little effect on lead toxicity. The zinc level of 4000 mg/kg depressed lead content of tissues but the effect was attributed to the anorexogenic effects of zinc toxicity. Supplemental cadmium (45 mg/kg), however, tended to increase tissue zinc concentration in both healthy and E. acervulina-infected chicks. Dietary excesses of calcium depressed zinc content of liver, bone and plasma; Na phytate additions (1.2%) produced similar effects. Excess zinc (1000 mg/kg) produced hypocalcification of bone but the effect was ameliorated by coccidial infection.
A level of 2000 mg/kg supplemental iron had no effect upon zinc status of chicks when performance, tissue zinc and plasma zinc concentrations were evaluated. Excess dietary zinc, however, markedly reduced iron content of tissues. In addition, zinc toxicity was exacerbated in the presence of 500 mg/kg iron. Since duodenal coccidiosis impaired zinc utilization, iron status of chicks fed both excess zinc and supplemental iron was enhanced.
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