Tissue Residues and Toxicities of Inorganic and Protein-Bound Cadmium in Rats
Lambert, Richard Joseph
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Permalink
https://hdl.handle.net/2142/71311
Description
Title
Tissue Residues and Toxicities of Inorganic and Protein-Bound Cadmium in Rats
Author(s)
Lambert, Richard Joseph
Issue Date
1983
Department of Study
Veterinary Medical Science
Discipline
Veterinary Medical Science
Degree Granting Institution
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Degree Name
Ph.D.
Degree Level
Dissertation
Keyword(s)
Health Sciences, Pharmacology
Abstract
Two separate feeding studies were conducted to evaluate the toxicity and retention of intrinsic tissue cadmium to Sprague-Dawley rats. The cadmium was derived from treated swine liver and kidney mixtures incorporated as 10 percent of the diets. Cadmium chloride was compared to intrinsic cadmium in one dietary study and in an intestinal perfusion study.
Weanling female rats were fed diets containing up to 404 (mu)g/kg biologically incorporated cadmium for 60 days. There were no differences in food consumption, growth, reproduction parameters, or liver and kidney morphology among the four treatment groups. Rat pups born to dams receiving the highest level of cadmium had significantly lower levels of renal cadmium than did pups from other treatment groups. Seven months after consuming the diets, the dams still retained diet-related increases in renal, but not hepatic cadmium.
Weanling male rats were fed swine tissue diets containing 1.4 (mu)g/kg cadmium as biologically incorporated cadmium or added cadmium chloride for 108 days. As with the female study, there were no apparent toxic manifestations. Liver cadmium concentrations were increased over controls (0.1 mg/kg Cd) during the first week and then equilibrated. Renal cadmium concentrations were higher from biologically incorporated cadmium during the first month, but were lower thereafter than concentrations derived from cadmium chloride containing diets.
These studies indicate that rats consuming low levels of biologically incorporated cadmium will accumulate that metal in their kidneys, but with continued exposure the accumulation proceeds at a slower rate than is seen in rats consuming a similar diet containing cadmium chloride.
The lumen of the duodenum of anesthetized male rats was perfused for one hour with a 100 (mu)M solution of cadmium as cadmium chloride, purified swine cadmium-thionein, or the 150 mM sodium chloride carrier solution alone. The villi of the cadmium chloride treated rats were seen to be severely damaged when viewed with the light microscope and scanning electron microscope. Villi exposed to the other two solutions had a normal appearance. Exposure to the cadmium chloride solution for 15, 30 and 45 minutes indicated that there was a time-dependent increase in villus damage.
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