Infectivity and Epidemiological Studies on Bovine Parvovirus
Weiblen, Rudi
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https://hdl.handle.net/2142/71303
Description
Title
Infectivity and Epidemiological Studies on Bovine Parvovirus
Author(s)
Weiblen, Rudi
Issue Date
1983
Department of Study
Veterinary Medical Science
Discipline
Veterinary Medical Science
Degree Granting Institution
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Degree Name
Ph.D.
Degree Level
Dissertation
Keyword(s)
Biology, Veterinary Science
Abstract
Bovine parvoviruses (BPV) are widespread in the cattle population and associated with disease of the reproductive and possibly with the respiratory tract. The virus has been recovered from cattle with clinical signs of respiratory disease. Four established cell lines (bovine turbinates (BT), Madin Darby bovine kidney cells, Crandell feline kidney cells and porcine kidney15 cells), and two primary cell culture system (bovine embryonic kidney cells (BEK) and porcine primary kidney cells) were tested for the susceptibility to BPV replication. Five BPV isolates were compared by electron microscopy, hemagglutination, hemadsorption, and hematoxylin and eosin staining of infected cell cultures. The viruses grew only in BEK and BT cells. Hemadsorption was not observed in early passages of the field isolates. Three groups of calves were tested. Group 1, control calves; group 2, calves that had clinical signs of respiratory disease after weaning; group 3, calves that had no clinical respiratory disease after weaning. Two bovine parvovirus and two parainfluenza-3 viruses were isolated from group 2 calves. There was an increase of 4-fold or more in antibody against PI-3 and BPV in group 2. Group 3 only had a 4-fold or more increase of antibody to PI-3. Two other experiments were conducted. Experiment I had 3 groups. Group 1 was inoculated intranasally with BPV with isolate 1485; group 2 was inoculated with minimal essential media; group 3 was uninoculated. After virus inoculation increased temperature, nasal discharge, diarrhea and leukopenia, were observed. Virus was recovered from 24 hours to the 28th day post-exposure. Experiment II had four groups of calves; group 1 (virus inoculated and treated with dexamethasone); group 2 (virus inoculated); group 3 (dexamethasone treated); and group 4 (no treatment). Clinical signs (diarrhea and nasal discharge) were more severe in the group that was treated with dexamethasone. Virus was recovered from day 2 thru 16 post-exposure. Virus inoculated calves in experiment II showed lesions in the upper respiratory tract. Tissues submitted for virus isolations and FA studies were all negative. The widespread distribution of BPV and its presence during respiratory disease outbreaks implies its involvement in the respiratory disease complex.
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