The Effect of Sewage Treatment Processes on The Viability of Taenia Taeniaeformis Ova and Embryonation of Toxocara Canis and The Effect of Soil Treated With Dried or Liquid Anaerobically Digested Sludge on Embryonation of Toxocara Canis Ova
Sharifi, Iraj
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https://hdl.handle.net/2142/71290
Description
Title
The Effect of Sewage Treatment Processes on The Viability of Taenia Taeniaeformis Ova and Embryonation of Toxocara Canis and The Effect of Soil Treated With Dried or Liquid Anaerobically Digested Sludge on Embryonation of Toxocara Canis Ova
Author(s)
Sharifi, Iraj
Issue Date
1981
Department of Study
Veterinary Medical Science
Discipline
Veterinary Medical Science
Degree Granting Institution
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Degree Name
Ph.D.
Degree Level
Dissertation
Keyword(s)
Biology, Veterinary Science
Abstract
Taenia taeniaeformis ova held at 15 C or room temperature (23 C) in raw sewage or activated sludge showed a significant decrease in viability from those in saline. In contrast, the ova of Toxocara canis kept under the same conditions did not show any significant difference from those in control experiments.
The effect of anaerobically digesting sludge (ADS) on the viability of T. taeniaeformis ova indicated that all ova died after 9 days in the batch digesters but 3 to 4% remained viable for 15 days in the continuous digesters. In saline the viability declined rapidly for 3 days then remained somewhat stable during the remaining days of incubation. Embryonation of T. canis in 0.5% formalin after recovery from the sludge of the batch digester, showed that embryonation decreased to 8% at the end of 15 days. The rate of embryonation of ova from sludge in the continuous digester or saline at 35 C generally remained constant after the initial decline.
Development of ova at -2 C in silt loam (SL) or silt loam plus dried sludge (DS) was greater than those in SL plus ADS during the 12 weeks of exposure. Development of ova in sand treatments was the same. Embryonation of ova in 0.5% formalin, after recovery from treatments at the end of 12 weeks was greater in the soil treated with ADS than in other treatments.
Development of ova at 4 C in SL or SL plus DS was greater than those in SL plus ADS at the end of 12 weeks, whereas it was essentially the same in sand treatments. Embryonation of ova in 0.5% formalin at the end of 12 weeks indicated that ova embryonated much better in soil treated with ADS than other treatments.
Ova seeded in sand or SL plus ADS at room temperature developed to the larval stage slightly better than the ova in the soil of the cultures without ADS during the three weeks of experiments. Embryonation of the ova in 0.5% formalin at the end of three weeks indicated that development was greater in sand or SL alone or plus DS.
At 37 C, after two weeks in sand or SL treated with ADS 17% and 23% of the ova had developed to the larval stage. All ova were disintegrated in the soil of other treatments.
At the field temperature during winter, development of ova in sand or SL plus DS was greater than development of ova in sand or SL plus ADS during the 12 weeks of exposure. Embryonation of ova in 0.5% formalin at the end of 12 weeks was the same in all treatments.
At field temperature during fall, development of ova to the larval stage in SL exposed to sunlight or under shade was slightly greater in SL plus DS or ADS during the 8 weeks of the experiments. In contrast to the SL treatments, development of ova in sand plus ADS was initially higher but was almost the same at the end of 8 weeks. Comparisons between the ova in sand or SL treatments that were exposed to sunlight or were under shade showed little difference in development.
The survey of parasite ova in the feces of free-roaming dogs in Champaign-Urbana indicated that hookworms were the most common followed by coccidia, Toxascaris leonina, Toxocara canis, Trichuris vulpis, Taenia pisiformis, and Dipylidium canium. Samples from dogs in front of yardhouses showed that T. leonina was the most common, followed by T. canis and Trichuris vulpis.
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