Gender-Related Differences in Achievement Orientation and Motivation for Leisure Service Delivery Personnel
Unzicker, Carol Mccreary
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https://hdl.handle.net/2142/70944
Description
Title
Gender-Related Differences in Achievement Orientation and Motivation for Leisure Service Delivery Personnel
Author(s)
Unzicker, Carol Mccreary
Issue Date
1986
Department of Study
Leisure Studies
Discipline
Leisure Studies
Degree Granting Institution
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Degree Name
Ph.D.
Degree Level
Dissertation
Keyword(s)
Recreation
Abstract
The central questions investigated in this study surround the causes or antecedents to which the subjects attribute their successes and their failures in an attempt to develop a less gender-biased conceptualization of achievement motivation. Secondly, it was hypothesized that people have different achievement orientations. Both questions were predicted to be related to the gender of the subject.
Using mail questionnaires, 276 professionals in leisure services agencies were surveyed from a stratified sample of professional association members. The subjects were questioned concerning their definition of success and failure in both the work and non-work life environments. The results suggest that both males and females tend to attribute their successes to internal controllable factors and their failures to internal uncontrollable factors. However, females tend to do so more strongly, suggesting that they take more responsibility for both their successes and failures. No gender-related differences could be found in the achievement orientation of the subjects. It is suggested that achievement motivation and orientation are culturally and situationally determined and strongly influenced by the social environment.
The emphasis placed on ability and effort in work and non-work settings was also investigated. It seems that people are more concerned with failure in their non-work lives. Although subjects would rather be perceived as successful on the job due to their abilities, they expressed more pride when they were perceived as doing well due to the effort they expended. Recommendations include suggestions concerning modified personnel practices.
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