Numerical Simulations of the Rapid Cyclogenesis Over Canada and Evolution of a Cold Front Observed on 25-26 April 1979 (sesame-Ave-Iii)
Juang, Hann-Ming Henry
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https://hdl.handle.net/2142/70927
Description
Title
Numerical Simulations of the Rapid Cyclogenesis Over Canada and Evolution of a Cold Front Observed on 25-26 April 1979 (sesame-Ave-Iii)
Author(s)
Juang, Hann-Ming Henry
Issue Date
1988
Doctoral Committee Chair(s)
Ogura, Yoshimitsu,
Department of Study
Atmospheric Sciences
Discipline
Atmospheric Sciences
Degree Granting Institution
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Degree Name
Ph.D.
Degree Level
Dissertation
Keyword(s)
Physics, Atmospheric Science
Abstract
The rapid development of a cyclone over Canada and a cold front over the United States were the major weather systems observed on 25-26 April 1979 during the period of SESAME-AVE (Severe Environment Storm and Mesoscale Experiment-Atmospheric Variability Experiment) III. The objectives of this study are two-fold; one is to investigate the mechanisms of this rapid cyclogenesis, the other is to discuss the synoptic- and meso-scale environment with the cold front. A regional scale prediction model, which is the quasi-Lagrangian nested model developed by Mathur (1983) and modified in this study, was used to achieve these objectives. FGGE (First GARP (Global Atmosphere Research Program) Global Experiment) level IIIb and IIb data were used as input and verification data for numerical simulations, and for a diagnostic study.
There were two cyclones involved in the event over Canada (designated as cyclones A and B). Cyclone A was given rise as a shallow surface pressure low. As the incipient cyclone A was moving southeastward, a region of high potential vorticity in the upper- and mid-troposphere, representing the tropopause folding, closed in. As a result, horizontal advection of absolute vorticity as well as differential temperature advection increased over the center of cyclone A, making cyclone A more intense and deep in its vertical extent. On the other hand, cyclone B was born shallow and remained shallow until it merged with cyclone A. Before merging, it propagated northeastward within a zone of small Richardson number. Further, relative vorticity associated with it had its maximum at the level just above the planetary boundary layer. It is concluded that cyclone B was intensified by localized baroclinic instability. The evolution of these cyclones were well simulated even with a dry model, suggesting that condensation heating was not crucial for their development. The evolution of environments associated with the cold front was well predicted by the model in comparison with the observations. The moist southerly low-level flow provided moisture convergence ahead of the front, while temperature inversion ahead of the southern portion of the cold front prohibited convection there.
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