u.s. Immigration in the 1970's: Settlement Patterns and Processes
Broadway, Michael John
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https://hdl.handle.net/2142/70640
Description
Title
u.s. Immigration in the 1970's: Settlement Patterns and Processes
Author(s)
Broadway, Michael John
Issue Date
1983
Department of Study
Geography
Discipline
Geography
Degree Granting Institution
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Degree Name
Ph.D.
Degree Level
Dissertation
Keyword(s)
Geography
Abstract
This study has three main goals: (1) to evaluate whether major United States immigration legislation has been used as a means of alleviating domestic labor shortages; (2) to assess the effect of emigration on the economic development of origin countries; (3) to document and explain the immigrant settlement pattern within the United States during the 1970's. In response to public concern over an upsurge in both legal and illegal immigration the Select Commission on Immigration and Refugee Policy was formed in 1978 to study the existing immigration laws. The Commission directed most of its attention to the issue of illegal immigration--a deficiency which this study avoids by concentrating on legal immigration to the United States.
An examination of major United States immigration legislation during the twentieth century indicated an increasing concern with utilizing immigration policy to alleviate shortages of both skilled and unskilled labor. Passage of the 1965 Amendments to the Immigration and Nationality Act has resulted in developing countries replacing developed nations as the principal source of immigrants and skilled labor for the United States. A review of the literature on the effects of emigration on origin countries indicates that developing countries have failed to receive the expected economic benefits from the emigration of their workers.
Within the United States, the transformation in immigrant sources has resulted in a concomitant change in the immigrant settlement pattern. The older immigrant groups from Europe settled in the Northeast and Midwest. However, the new immigrant groups from developing nations have settled primarily in the states and cities of the South and West. In explaining immigrant settlement patterns during the 1970's three alternative models of migration behavior were considered: distance from the port of entry, location of employment growth, and location of migrant stock (i.e., where immigrants from the same country have settled previously). The factor that explained most immigrant group's settlement patterns was the location of migrant stock. This process was especially pronounced among those immigrant groups from non-Northwest European cultures characterized by a high percentage of unskilled migrants.
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