University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

Compounds of Pentacoordinate (10-Boron-5) and Hexacoordinate (12-Boron-6) Hypervalent Boron

Lee, David Yen

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Description

Title
Compounds of Pentacoordinate (10-Boron-5) and Hexacoordinate (12-Boron-6) Hypervalent Boron
Author(s)
Lee, David Yen
Issue Date
1985
Department of Study
Chemistry
Discipline
Chemistry
Degree Granting Institution
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Degree Name
Ph.D.
Degree Level
Dissertation
Keyword(s)
Chemistry, Organic
Abstract
  • Efficient synthetic routes to 2-substituted pyridines and 2,6-disubstituted pyridine 1-oxides are described, involving direct ortho lithiation with the sterically hindered base, lithium 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide, in the presence of electrophiles that are compatible with the base, e.g., trimethylsilyl chloride and hexafluoroacetone.
  • Syntheses of the first isolable hypervalent 10-B-5 species 17, 25, and 28, and 12-B-6 species 30 and 35 are described. The ('1)H, ('13)C, and ('19)F NMR spectra support the assigned hypervalent structures. The ('11)B NMR downfield chemical shifts resulting from protonation of the 10-B-5 species 17 (-20.1 ppm) + H('+) (--->) 18 (-0.1 ppm, 25 (-41.0 ppm) + H('+) (--->) 26 (+5.7 ppm), and 28 (-35.7 ppm) + H('+) (--->) 29 (+12.0 ppm) fall in the range associated with 8-B-4 species with only first-row elements bonded to boron (-17.5 to +50 ppm). The ('11)B NMR chemical shifts resulting from monoprotonation of the 12-B-6 species 30 (-123.0 ppm) + H('+) (--->) 31 (-70.4 ppm) and 35 (-233.2 ppm) + H('+) (--->) 36 (-61.0 ppm) fall in the range near those of the other 10-B-5 species 17, 25, and 29. The ('11)B NMR chemical shifts of the doubly protonated species 32 + H('+) (--->) 33 (+4.7 ppm) and 36 + H('+) (--->) 37 (+11.5 ppm) fall in the range of ordinary borates. Hypervalent 10-B-5 species 36 is deprotonated by using 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine to recover 12-B-6 species 35. The spin-lattice (T(,1)) relaxation results indicate that the geometries of the hypervalent 10-B-5 and 12-B-6 species are more symmetrical than that of tetracoordinate borates. The values of T(,1) fall, with some exceptions, in the order 12-B-6 > 10-B-5 > 8-B-4.
  • Two electrons of the three-center four-electron 0-B-0 bond are delocalized into the diequatorial five- or six-membered ring of hypervalent 10-B-5 species 6 and 11, making them 6-(pi) Huckel aromatic systems that we call bis ipso aromatic. The proposed bis ipso aromaticity is evidenced by the great similarity of the electronic spectra of the hypervalent 10-B-5 species (6 and 11) to their carbon analogues (9-phenyl fluorenyl anion and anthracene). The hypervalent boron atom appears to have electronic properties almost identical to those of a carbon atom in the analogous (pi)-system with near identity of electronic spectra.
Graduation Semester
1985
Type of Resource
text
Permalink
http://hdl.handle.net/2142/70313

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