Renal Regulation of Acid-Base Balance in Heat Stressed Chickens
Staten, Freyda Eliza
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Permalink
https://hdl.handle.net/2142/70060
Description
Title
Renal Regulation of Acid-Base Balance in Heat Stressed Chickens
Author(s)
Staten, Freyda Eliza
Issue Date
1988
Doctoral Committee Chair(s)
Harrison, Paul C.
Department of Study
Animal Sciences
Discipline
Animal Sciences
Degree Granting Institution
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Degree Name
Ph.D.
Degree Level
Dissertation
Keyword(s)
Agriculture
Animal Pathology
Abstract
Experiments were conducted to observe the renal response to the disruption of normal blood acid-base balance in the heat stressed domestic chicken.
In the first three experiments, the avian kidney responded to respiratory alkalosis through the excretion of a relatively alkaline urine, characterized by an increase in bicarbonate excretion. Recovery of blood acid-base parameters and urinary acidification processes by the accumulation of metabolic CO$\sb2$ after thermal panting stopped was delayed. Respiratory alkalosis decreased blood potassium and increased sodium and chloride levels. Renal excretion of sodium and potassium was enhanced while chloride excretion remained unchanged.
Time course analysis in the heat stressed hen showed that urine alkalinization begins within sixty to ninety minutes of the onset of a respiratory alkalosis.
In the final experiment, the development of respiratory alkalosis and the resultant hypocalcemia did not lead to increased urinary calcium excretion. Hypocalcemia, experimentally induced by the intravenous infusion of a calcium chelator and independent of a respiratory alkalosis, also increased blood pH and led to the excretion of an alkaline urine.
These experiments show that the kidney acts to correct a life threatening blood acid-base imbalance during heat stress by the excretion of an alkaline, high bicarbonate urine. This response begins relatively rapidly with the onset of respiratory alkalosis. In concert with the changes in acid-base excretion, the kidney does not contribute to the alkalosis induced hypocalcemia seen in heat stressed chickens. Manipulation of blood calcium independent of environmental thermal stimuli suggests a close interdependence of blood carbon dioxide and calcium balance.
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