Effects of Alcohol, Heat, and Lipid Treatment of Soybean Meal on Nitrogen Utilization by Ruminants
Lynch, Gary Lee
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Permalink
https://hdl.handle.net/2142/70050
Description
Title
Effects of Alcohol, Heat, and Lipid Treatment of Soybean Meal on Nitrogen Utilization by Ruminants
Author(s)
Lynch, Gary Lee
Issue Date
1987
Department of Study
Animal Sciences
Discipline
Animal Sciences
Degree Granting Institution
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Degree Name
Ph.D.
Degree Level
Dissertation
Keyword(s)
Agriculture, Animal Culture and Nutrition
Abstract
Soybean meal (SBM) was treated with aqueous alcohols and/or lipids to study treatment effects on SBM nitrogen (N) utilization by ruminants. In situ N disappearance at 2, 4 and 6 h was reduced (P $<$.05) when SBM was treated with 85% v/v isopropanol or 87.7% isopropanol compared to untreated SBM (UT), with no differences in rate of N disappearance between 2 and 12 h due to SBM treatment. No improvements in N retention, absorption or digestion were seen when isopropanol treated SBM was fed to 20 kg lambs compared to UT. When SBM was treated with 70% ethanol at 23 C (ET-23) or 80 C (ET-80), 10% coconut oil (CO) or 10% tallow (T) or a combination of 70% ethanol at 80 C with 10% coconut oil (ET-CO) or 10% tallow (ET-T), nitrogen solubility was lowest (P $<$.01) for ET-80, ET-CO and ET-T with N solubility of ET-23 being lower (P $<$.05) than UT. In situ N disappearance was lowest (P $<$.01) after 3, 6, 9 and 18 h for ET-80, ET-CO and ET-T, with rates of N disappearance between 3 and 12 h being lower (P $<$.05) for ET-80, ET-CO and ET-T (4.91, 4.75 and 4.90 %/h, respectively) than for ET-23, CO or T (11.42, 12.5 and 12.3 %/h) or UT (16.9 %/h). Chick bioassays revealed that N availability was not decreased when SBM was treated with 85 or 87.7% isopropanol, 40% propanol at 23 C, ET-80 or ET-23. Untreated SBM, ET-23, ET-80, urea and SBM treated with 70% propanol at 80 C (PR-80) were fed to sheep in a 5 x 5 Latin square experiment. No differences in flow of DM, total N or bacterial N at the duodenum were observed. Duodenal flow of non-ammonia, non-bacterial-N was higher (P $<$.07) for ET-80, ET-23, PR-80 and UT, than when sheep were fed urea. Soybean meal-N reaching the duodenum was not different among treatments while duodenal total and dispensible amino acid flow tended to be higher (P $<$.10) when sheep were fed alcohol-treated SBM. Mature steers were fed ET-80, UT or urea-casein, with or without 500 g/d ruminal NaCl infusion. Duodenal flows of total N and non-ammonia, non-bacterial-N were increased (P $<$.05) when steers were fed ET-80 compared to UT. Percent SBM-N escaping the rumen was greater (P $<$.05) when steers were fed ET-80 vs UT and greater (P $<$.05) when steers were infused with NaCl. Duodenal flows of total, indispensible and dispensible amino acids were increased (P $<$.05) when steers were fed ET-80 instead of UT.
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