The Role of Lysine and Sulfur Amino Acids in Canine Nutrition
Hirakawa, Diane Aiko Sue
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https://hdl.handle.net/2142/70037
Description
Title
The Role of Lysine and Sulfur Amino Acids in Canine Nutrition
Author(s)
Hirakawa, Diane Aiko Sue
Issue Date
1986
Department of Study
Animal Sciences
Discipline
Animal Sciences
Degree Granting Institution
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Degree Name
Ph.D.
Degree Level
Dissertation
Keyword(s)
Agriculture, Animal Culture and Nutrition
Abstract
Growing Pointer puppies were used in experiments designed to delineate the dietary requirements for lysine and sulfur-containing amino acids (SAA). Rate of gain and feed conversion efficiency were maximized when SAA comprised 0.45% of the diet (109.8 mg SAA/100 kcal ME). The portion of the SAA requirement contributable by cystine was determined to be 50% on a weight basis (50% on a molar basis). Excess dietary cystine superimposed on a methionine-deficient diet manifested as an amino acid imbalance. This imbalance resulted in reduced voluntary feed intake, and hence, reduced growth. Skin lesions also developed on the paw/pad region. An additional study revealed that dietary inorganic sulfate was unable to spare a portion of the physiological need for cysteine in the growing puppy. In studies with lysine, growth performance was maximized when lysine constituted 0.70% of a crystalline amino acid diet or 0.80% of an intact-protein based diet consisting of a mixture of corn gluten meal, sesame meal and meat and bone meal. Bioavailability of lysine in this intact protein mixture was subsequently determined to be 90% based upon a chick bioassay. It was judged that 50% of the disparity in requirements between the intact-protein and crystalline amino acid diet was caused by lysine bioavailability factors and 50% by other factors.
Organic sulfur sources were also evaluated as urinary acidifying agents for Pointer puppies fed a corn-soy-meat and bone meal diet. Urinary excretion of taurine, inorganic sulfate and ammonia increased in puppies fed supplemental levels of methionine, hydroxy methionine free acid or cystine. Toxicity as evidenced by a depression in weight gain and feed efficiency was demonstrable at a 1% level of supplemental methionine. Acidification of urine was only achieved when methionine was present at growth-depressing levels.
In the course of this investigation, two experimental purified diets were developed and tested: a crystalline L-amino acid diet and a methionine-fortified casein diet. Both of these diets produced weight gains and efficiencies of energy, protein and dietary dry matter utilization as good or better than that achieved with a commercial chow diet.
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