Effect of Alcohol Treatments on Soybean Meal Utilization by Ruminants
Van Der Aar, Petrus Jan
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https://hdl.handle.net/2142/70006
Description
Title
Effect of Alcohol Treatments on Soybean Meal Utilization by Ruminants
Author(s)
Van Der Aar, Petrus Jan
Issue Date
1982
Department of Study
Animal Sciences
Discipline
Animal Sciences
Degree Granting Institution
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Degree Name
Ph.D.
Degree Level
Dissertation
Keyword(s)
Agriculture, Animal Culture and Nutrition
Abstract
Effects of alcohol-water treatments on the nutritional value of soybean meal (SBM) for ruminants was evaluated. Ethanol, propanol and isopropanol were examind at 10, 20, 30 ... 90, 100% (v/v) concentrations. Soybean meal was soaked in an excess of the alcohol-water mixture at 22(DEGREES)C and, after 30 minutes, excess liquid was drained off and the SBM air dried. Concentration of the three alcohols tested resulted in a positive quadratic effect on protein solubility, in situ rate of nitrogen (N) disappearance, and in vitro ammonia release from both soluble and insoluble SBM proteins. In all studies, the effect was largest for the 40% (v/v) propanol treatment. Among alcohols, isopropanol showed the least effect followed by ethanol.
Examination of proteins soluble after treatment by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis showed that conglycinin and the acidic subunits of glycinin were most affected by alcohol treatments. These observations were confirmed by elution patterns of isolated SBM proteins from a hydroxyapatite column. Comparison of SDS gel patterns and in vitro ammonia release data indicated that conglycinin was faster deaminated than were other proteins. The SDS gel patterns of SBM protein showed that, during digestion with pepsin, trypsin, Bacteroides amylophilus and Bacteroides ruminicola, bands representing conglycinin disappeared fastest.
Studies with chicks showed that alcohol treatments did not affect intestinal protein availability. An experiment using duodenally fistulated steers showed that amount of dietary protein escaping rumen fermentation was 38% for SBM, 45% for SBM treated with 50% (v/v) ethanol or 40% (v/v) propanol, and 58% for landol, a commercial alcohol-treated SBM preparation. Incorporation of SBM treated with 30 and 50% (v/v) ethanol, propanol and isopropanol into a corncob-cornstarch diet did not affect N retention by lambs. However, when 40% (v/v) propanol-treated SBM supplemented a corncob-corn diet, N retention by lambs increased by 24%. Addition of 1% NaHCO(,3) nullified the beneficial effect of alcohol treatment.
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