Physical and Chemical Interactions in Liquid Metal Mixtures
Stoicos, Thomas
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https://hdl.handle.net/2142/69731
Description
Title
Physical and Chemical Interactions in Liquid Metal Mixtures
Author(s)
Stoicos, Thomas
Issue Date
1982
Department of Study
Chemical Engineering
Discipline
Chemical Engineering
Degree Granting Institution
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Degree Name
Ph.D.
Degree Level
Dissertation
Keyword(s)
Engineering, Chemical
Abstract
Activity coefficients for the more volatile component have been determined for liquid solutions of the copper-lead, titanium-tin and titanium-copper systems. Activities were derived using a weight loss technique based on the Knudsen effusion method. Positive deviations from ideality occur for the activities in the copper-lead system, while negative deviations are observed for the titanium-tin and titanium-copper mixtures.
Two models have been developed to account for the widely different thermodynamic behavior of liquid metallic solutions. The physical model is based on an electron theory coupled with the pseudopotential approach and describes the nonidealities which are caused by weak, nonspecific interactions between the components. These interactions lead to a charge transfer between the dissimilar metal atoms. The model contains one mixture parameter and furnishes equations which result to a nonzero excess volume upon mixing. The activity coefficients are obtained as a function of temperature and composition. The study also includes predictions of solid-liquid and liquid-liquid phase equilibria. The chemical-physical model is applied to metallic systems where compound formation is evident. It describes the thermodynamic behavior of such systems more realistically than an ideal chemical theory because it combines the features of the physical model and the appropriate equations related to the presence of distinct chemical species in solution. The charge transfer between the dissimilar uncomplexed atoms and the equilibrium constants of the intermetallic compounds constitute the model parameters of this formation. The model provides equations which predict the activity coefficients of the components across the entire composition range.
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