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https://hdl.handle.net/2142/69472
Description
Title
The Censorship of Hemingway in Spain
Author(s)
LaPrade, Douglas Edward
Issue Date
1988
Doctoral Committee Chair(s)
Watts, Emily S.
Department of Study
English
Discipline
English
Degree Granting Institution
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Degree Name
Ph.D.
Degree Level
Dissertation
Keyword(s)
American Studies
History, European
Literature, American
Abstract
Hemingway's works were subjected to censorship in Spain during the Franco regime, and some of them remain partially or completely censored. This dissertation offers translations of all the official Spanish censorship documents corresponding to Hemingway's works. These documents are housed in the the Ministry of Culture section of the General Archive of the Administration in Alcala de Henares, Spain.
The dissertation offers an analysis of each report prepared by the censors and a history of the censorship of Hemingway in Spain. Spain's desire to attract foreign tourists led Franco's government to make concessions to the publishing industry. Hemingway was for the censors a symbol of American economics and ideology, the forces that led Spain to become more democratic after the Allied victory in 1945 and the signing of a military treaty between the United States and Spain in 1953. Significantly, the same Ministry of Information and Tourism (later called the Ministry of Culture) that was responsible for promoting tourism was also in charge of censorship.
In addition, this dissertation reproduces the passages from Hemingway's works that the censors marked to be excised from the texts. Although some of the passages marked for excision were never removed from the works, these passages offer insight into the censors' vaguely defined standards. The censors were most bothered by statements that they considered immoral or sacrilegious, which indicated the influence of the Church on Franco's government. They were also sensitive to but more tolerant of remarks they considered politically threatening. The censors were most receptive to what they called "luminous literature," or works of an inspirational nature.
Also cited in the dissertation are passages that Hemingway's Spanish editors removed from his works in order to make them acceptable to the censors. This editorial censorship, a logical consequence of official censorship, has made as lasting an impression on Hemingway's works in Spain as has official censorship.
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