Language Competence and Information Processing Strategy: A Comparison of First and Second Language Word Recognition in Connected Speech
Hayashi, Takuo
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Permalink
https://hdl.handle.net/2142/69148
Description
Title
Language Competence and Information Processing Strategy: A Comparison of First and Second Language Word Recognition in Connected Speech
Author(s)
Hayashi, Takuo
Issue Date
1987
Doctoral Committee Chair(s)
Maclay, Howard S.
Department of Study
Education
Discipline
Education
Degree Granting Institution
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Degree Name
Ph.D.
Degree Level
Dissertation
Keyword(s)
Language, Linguistics
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore the difference in word recognition strategy between first language (L1) and second language (L2) listeners. On the basis of the weak-interactive view, the stage hypothesis, and the short-circuit theory, the researcher predicted L2 listeners use top-down strategy more than L1 listeners if access to higher-level information is not hindered by the competence-ceiling effect. The subjects consisted of two groups of non-native speakers of English with different proficiency and one group of native speakers of English. Experiment 1, which was designed after Miller and Isard's (1963) study, compared the use of syntactic and semantic information by error count under the weighted-noise condition which made the access to such information the most difficult of the three sets of experiments. Experiments 2.1 and 2.2, which were modeled after the study by Marslen-Wilson and Tyler (1980), also examined the use of syntactic and semantic information but in a condition where the availability of such information was greater than in Experiment 1. The data were analyzed by latency in both weighted (Experiment 2.1) and unweighted (Experiment 2.2) noise conditions to evaluate the effect of the availability of acoustic-phonetic information. Experiments 3.1 and 3.2 looked at the use of situational information following Cole and Jakimik (1978)'s study where the competence-ceiling effect was assumed to be the smallest. The data were analyzed by latency in both weighted (Experiment 3.1) and unweighted (Experiment 3.2) noise conditions. While previous studies in L2 reading and listening have repeatedly reported L2 subjects used less top-down strategy, this study suggested that L2 listeners use top-down strategy more than L1 listeners when access to higher-level information is not prevented by their limited linguistic competence. The study further suggested that word processing strategy is also a function of the availability of acoustic-phonetic information, supporting the weak-interactive view. This implied that it is important to encourage L2 listeners to use more top-down strategy. Pedagogical suggestions included integration of the relevant psycholinguistic findings into the grammar, adoption of comprehension approaches, and use of white noise in listening practice.
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