University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

Comparative Life Cycle Assessment between Warm SMA and Conventional SMA

Leng, Zhen; Al-Qadi, Imad

Content Files
ICT-11-090.pdf

Permalink

https://hdl.handle.net/2142/45829

Description

Title
Comparative Life Cycle Assessment between Warm SMA and Conventional SMA
Author(s)
  • Leng, Zhen
  • Al-Qadi, Imad
Issue Date
2011-09
Keyword(s)
Warm-mix Asphalt, Life Cycle Assessment, Life Cycle Cost Analysis
Date of Ingest
2013-09-26T17:16:46Z
Abstract
This report presents the comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) between warm stone mastic asphalt (SMA) and conventional SMA. Specifically, the study evaluated and compared the life cycle environmental and economic performances of two mixtures: a warm SMA binder course mixture with a chemical additive and a control hot SMA binder course mixture. Both of these mixtures were utilized as part of a complete overlay project on the Veterans Memorial Expressway (I-355) near Chicago as part of the Illinois Tollway system. The results of this study indicate that the warm SMA provides significant environmental benefits compared to the control hot SMA. When the mixing temperature was decreased from 325 to 280 oF (168 to 138 oC), the overall environmental impact of the material, production, transportation, and placement was reduced by 6.4% due to the use of warm mix additive. More environmental benefits can be expected if the mixing temperature is further lowered. It was also concluded that using warm mix additive slightly increases the initial construction cost of SMA pavement. However, the warm SMA overlay allows for traffic to be opened earlier, so the user cost caused by traffic delay is reduced, and the total economic cost of the warm SMA is lower than that of the control SMA. In addition, the warm SMA allows for the use of a higher percentage of RAP because of less binder aging. With a 10% increase in RAP usage, the initial construction cost of the warm SMA becomes 3.5% lower than that of the control SMA. The overall performances of the control SMA and the warm SMA were compared by calculating a weighted environmental and economic score and the total cost (environmental, agency, and user costs). Both the weighted score and total cost data show that the warm SMA provides better overall performance compared to the control SMA. Therefore, besides being more environmentally friendly, the warm SMA is also economically competitive compared to the control SMA. This study didn’t include the cost benefits of the warm SMA due to an extended paving season and longer hauling distance because these benefits are difficult to quantify. In addition, the warm SMA may reduce the risk of poor compaction during construction, which ensures long-term pavement performance, and therefore saves costs related to maintenance and rehabilitation.
Series/Report Name or Number
ICT-11-090
ISSN
0197-9191
Type of Resource
text
Genre of Resource
Technical Report
Language
en
Permalink
http://hdl.handle.net/2142/45829
Sponsor(s)/Grant Number(s)
Illinois Tollway

Owning Collections

Research and Publications - Illinois Center for Transportation PRIMARY