Protein supplementation and comparative feeding value of alkaline hydrogen peroxide-treated wheat straw-containing diets fed to cattle and lambs
Willms, Clifton L.
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Permalink
https://hdl.handle.net/2142/23549
Description
Title
Protein supplementation and comparative feeding value of alkaline hydrogen peroxide-treated wheat straw-containing diets fed to cattle and lambs
Author(s)
Willms, Clifton L.
Issue Date
1991
Doctoral Committee Chair(s)
Berger, Larry L.
Department of Study
Agriculture, Animal Culture and Nutrition
Discipline
Agriculture, Animal Culture and Nutrition
Degree Granting Institution
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Degree Name
Ph.D.
Degree Level
Dissertation
Keyword(s)
Agriculture, Animal Culture and Nutrition
Language
eng
Abstract
Experiments were conducted to study protein supplementation of alkaline hydrogen peroxide-treated wheat straw (AHPWS)-based diets and to compare the feeding value of AHPWS to corn silage (CS). A lamb metabolism experiment was conducted to determine the dietary CP level needed to maximize nitrogen (N) retention and fiber digestibility. Soybean meal (SBM) replaced corn to increase levels of CP (range = 6 to 16% CP). Maximal N retention (% of N intake) and NDF digestibility were obtained with 12% CP. Similar treatments (8.5, 11, 13.5, 16 and 18.5% CP) were used with cannulated lambs to characterize the duodenal amino acids (AA) supply. Total, bacterial and nonbacterial N and AA flow to the duodenum increased with increasing CP level. The profile of AA entering the small intestine was not substantially altered.
Cannulated wethers were used to evaluate various CP sources and levels of urea (U) on intestinal supply of AA in AHPWS-based diets. Supplemental CP treatments were SBM, three levels of U (17, 33 and 50% of supplemental CP) fed in combination with distillers dried grains (U17, U33 and U50, respectively) and a combination of U, distillers dried grains and fish meal (UDF). There were no differences in bacterial N or AA flows to the duodenum due to protein source. Lambs fed SBM or U50 had the lowest nonbacterial AA flows to the small intestine. Duodenal AA profile was altered by supplemental CP source. In a lamb growth study with similar CP treatments, ADG and efficiency of gain (G/F) were decreased when U supplied 50% of the supplemental CP. Gain and G/F decreased in lambs fed U33 compared to UDF. Providing 17% of supplemental CP from U was adequate to maximize bacterial protein production and feeding ruminally resistant CP sources with complementary AA profiles may enhance duodenal protein quality and growth.
The feeding value of AHPWS was compared to CS in growing cattle. Dry matter intake, ADG and G/F decreased with increasing level of AHPWS. Negative interactions between ionophores and Na and(or) K may have reduced growth of steers fed AHPWS. Yet, steers fed 66% AHPWS diets gained 1.08 kg/d. In a finishing cattle trail, AHPWS, CS and alfalfa hay were compared at 10 and 20% of DM. There were no differences in feedlot performance due to roughage source. However, decreasing roughage level tended to improve G/F. Satisfactory performance can be achieved by cattle fed growing and finishing diets containing AHPWS. However, caution should be exercised regarding the use of ionophores with AHPWS-based diets.
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