Production and use of soybean callus cultures to investigate mechanisms of resistance to insects
Schroeder, Alan Curtis
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https://hdl.handle.net/2142/21856
Description
Title
Production and use of soybean callus cultures to investigate mechanisms of resistance to insects
Author(s)
Schroeder, Alan Curtis
Issue Date
1990
Doctoral Committee Chair(s)
Kogan, Marcos
Department of Study
Entomology
Discipline
Entomology
Degree Granting Institution
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Degree Name
Ph.D.
Degree Level
Dissertation
Keyword(s)
Biology, Entomology
Language
eng
Abstract
Soybean looper larvae were reared on 4 diets: cotyledon-derived cv Williams 82 soybean callus; Williams 82 leaves; cotyledons from Williams 82 seedlings, the callus explant source; and an artificial medium. Survival to adult was highest on callus and trifoliolate leaves, followed by artificial medium and cotyledons. Fitness of loopers reared on callus was not significantly different from that on trifoliolate leaves. Larvae on artificial medium performed worse than larvae on callus or leaves; and performance on cotyledons was intermediate. Performance of loopers on callus establishes a baseline for consumption and development to which results of experiments using callus tissues can be compared.
Dual choice feeding preference tests with 4th instar SBLs were run using callus from PI229358 and Williams 82. Results show that antixenosis present in whole plants was not expressed in callus. Utilization, development, and survival parameters of 6th instar SBL fed PI229358 or Williams 82 callus indicate that antibiosis is not expressed in the PI229358 callus, although pupal weights were lower for larvae fed PI229358 callus.
Callus cultures from Williams 82 seedlings were induced using short-wave UV irradiation as elicitor. Dark green callus produced a stronger induced resistance to SBL than light yellow callus. Age and chlorophyll content of callus affected intensity of response to UV irradiation.
Dual-choice preference tests between all combinations of Williams 82 or of PI229358 seedling root-, hypocotyl-, cotyledon-, epicotyl-, and primary leaf-derived callus with 4th SBL instars showed that the part of the plant explanted may play a role in levels of insect resistance expressed in callus. SBL larvae reared on UV-irradiated Williams 82 primary leaf-derived callus had protracted development time, but did not differ in pupal weights from the unirradiated callus-reared SBLs. Results indicate that callus can be used to test for the presence and effects of induced resistance on the SBL.
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