The working alliance in the early phase of counseling
Kokotovic, Anna Marie Bergman
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https://hdl.handle.net/2142/20271
Description
Title
The working alliance in the early phase of counseling
Author(s)
Kokotovic, Anna Marie Bergman
Issue Date
1989
Department of Study
Education
Discipline
Education
Degree Granting Institution
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Degree Name
Ph.D.
Degree Level
Dissertation
Keyword(s)
Education, Guidance and Counseling
Language
eng
Abstract
This study sought to establish the validity of Bordin's (1979) claim of the importance of the therapeutic alliance. Counselors (n = 142) and clients (n = 98) at a large university counseling center independently completed the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) following the first counseling interview. The working alliance was examined with respect to (a) client and counselor perceptions of its formation, (b) client and counselor variables which contribute to its development, (c) the relationship of the alliance and premature termination, and (d) the relationship of the alliance to client reported change and final satisfaction.
A significant canonical correlation revealed that both client and counselor assessments of the alliance were related to counselor ratings of hostility, quality of interpersonal relationships, quality of family relationships, and overall psychological health, and client pretherapy ratings of hostility. Ratings of the working alliance after the first interview did not discriminate between remainers and dropouts; and, there was no relationship among client or counselor ratings of the alliance and client change or final satisfaction.
These results support the theoretical and research suggestions that the first therapy task may be the development of a positive working alliance. Furthermore, they indicate that both client and counselor assessment of the alliance can be made as early as the first counseling interview. However, assessment of the alliance over several interviews may be necessary to discriminate remainers from dropouts.
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