Characterization and remediation of toxic metals in wastewater reuse for agricultural irrigation

Anderson, Stephen M.

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https://hdl.handle.net/2142/16209 Copy

Description

Title

Characterization and remediation of toxic metals in wastewater reuse for agricultural irrigation

Author(s)

Anderson, Stephen M.

Issue Date

2010-05-19T18:40:38Z

Director of Research (if dissertation) or Advisor (if thesis)

Kalita, Prasanta K.

Department of Study

Agricultural and Biological Engineering

Discipline

Agricultural & Biological Engr

Degree Granting Institution

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Degree Name

M.S.

Degree Level

Thesis

Date of Ingest

2010-05-19T18:40:38Z

Keyword(s)

• heavy metals
• toxic metals
• irrigation
• wastewater reuse
• agriculture
• India

Abstract

Expanding agricultural water demand has led to the reuse of wastewaters for irrigation purposes. Left untreated, these reused wastewaters may contaminate agricultural land, plants, and thereby food products. Common contaminants include toxic metals, which are conservative within the soil-plant-water system. While conventional treatment of these waste streams is possible the treatment is resource intensive leaving it beyond the reach of many developing nations. Inventory of metals in the plant-soil-water system may reveal health exposure risks, or may suggest metal buildup is below levels of concern. Accurate inventory takes into account the chemical pool into which soil metals are bound, and thus resultant mobility within the soil system. Where reduced soil metal loadings are desirable, a variety of inexpensive sorbents have been suggested to remove toxic metals in place of activated carbon. While involved research efforts have evaluated the field of possible sorbents in great depth little comparative research has been done, and the methods utilized have eased laboratory distinctions at the cost of modifying the system from its native conditions. This research utilizes Tessier’s method of sequential extractions to inventory metals in different chemical pools (Tessier et al., 1979). A field of inexpensive and widely available sorbents, including sugarcane bagasse, ground rice husk, and sawdust, is compared against the conventional metal removal techniques of activated carbon sorption and gypsum pH modification for chemical precipitation. A large percentage of metals present are bound to the soil reducible fraction, which may be mobile due to repetitive anoxic conditions under flood irrigation practices. Metal concentrations were higher in fields irrigated with groundwater over contaminated surface waters, suggesting metal groundwater contamination is present. Overall, bagasse, rice husk, and sawdust performed similarly but well below the performance of the activated carbon standard. The results indicate possible treatment methods and materials for industrial wastewater that can be used for irrigation or used as supplemental irrigation in Indian conditions. Locally available low-cost materials show great promise to be used as metal removal media. Further investigation with small plots or field scales would be necessary to confirm the benefit of results found in this study to make a realistic impact on Indian agriculture.

Graduation Semester

2010-5

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http://hdl.handle.net/2142/16209

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© 2010 Stephen Mathias Anderson

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