Improved model of the optical brightness of satellites with several reflective surfaces

Jangid, Nayan

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https://hdl.handle.net/2142/125826 Copy

Description

Title

Improved model of the optical brightness of satellites with several reflective surfaces

Author(s)

Jangid, Nayan

Issue Date

2024-07-16

Director of Research (if dissertation) or Advisor (if thesis)

Eggl, Siegfried

Department of Study

Aerospace Engineering

Discipline

Aerospace Engineering

Degree Granting Institution

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Degree Name

M.S.

Degree Level

Thesis

Keyword(s)

• Satellite Brightness
• Photometric Modeling
• Satellite Reflectance
• Satellite Light Pollution

Abstract

This Thesis presents advanced modeling techniques for calculating the apparent brightness of satellites as observed from Earth. The proposed approach incorporates the effects of both direct solar illumination and indirect reflections from the Earth's surface, significantly improving upon previous models. Considering all satellite chassis surfaces, this model offers a comprehensive and realistic representation of the complex interplay of light scattering and reflection. To achieve accurate estimates of satellite apparent brightness, this work employs Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Functions (BRDF) to characterize the reflective properties of satellite components. Integrating BRDF and multi-surface modeling substantially enhances traditional methods, allowing for a more precise understanding of how light interacts with the satellite's surfaces. The mathematical foundations of the multi-surface approach are thoroughly detailed, and the model's predictive performance is validated through comparisons with observations of selected Starlink satellites. The results demonstrate a marked improvement over existing satellite brightness models, highlighting the effectiveness of this comprehensive approach. Furthermore, this empirical model provides critical insights into satellite brightness across various solar angles, which is essential for developing strategies to mitigate the impact of satellite constellations on ground-based astronomy. This work aims to contribute to the sustainable coexistence of astronomical research and the expanding field of space exploration and commercialization. By offering a robust tool for accurately predicting satellite brightness, this thesis supports the ongoing efforts to minimize the adverse effects of satellite constellations on astronomical observations while promoting the sustainable advancement of space technologies.

Graduation Semester

2024-08

Type of Resource

Thesis

Handle URL

https://hdl.handle.net/2142/125826

Copyright and License Information

Copyright 2024 Nayan Jangid

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