Supplementation of valine, isoleucine, and tryptophan in corn-corn fermented protein based diets for weanling pigs

Mallea Ortiz, Andrea Paola

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https://hdl.handle.net/2142/124596 Copy

Description

Title

Supplementation of valine, isoleucine, and tryptophan in corn-corn fermented protein based diets for weanling pigs

Author(s)

Mallea Ortiz, Andrea Paola

Issue Date

2024-05-01

Director of Research (if dissertation) or Advisor (if thesis)

Stein, Hans H

Committee Member(s)

• Loor, Juan
• Parsons, Carl M

Department of Study

Nutritional Sciences

Discipline

Nutritional Sciences

Degree Granting Institution

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Degree Name

M.S.

Degree Level

Thesis

Keyword(s)

• branched-chain amino acids
• growth performance
• corn fermented protein
• leucine
• tryptophan
• weanling pigs

Abstract

Corn is the main source of starch used in the production of ethanol, and because there has been an extensive increase in biodiesel production, the yield of corn co-products has increased as well. As a result, new corn co-products with a greater nutritional value for animal nutrition has been developed. One of these new ingredients is the fermented corn protein (FCP), however, as other corn co-products, Leu concentration in FCP is almost as twice as in other protein ingredients. Exccess of Leu can reduce the growth performance of pigs by increasing the catabolism of Val and Ile, and reduce the serotonin synthesis in the brain by preventing Trp transport into the brain. Therefore, the objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that FCP may be included in diets for weanling pigs if these diet are fortified with crystalline sources of Val, Trp, and (or) Ile. Three-hundred and twenty weanling pigs [body weight (BW): 6.11 ± 0.66 kg] were randomly allotted to a randomized complete block design with 10 diets and 2 blocks with weaning group as the blocking factor. There were 2 gilts and 2 barrows per pen and eight replicate pens per treatment. A two-phase feeding program was used with d 1 to 14 as phase 1 and d 15 to 28 as phase 2. For each phase, a corn-soybean meal (SBM) diet was formulated and 2 basal diets based on corn and 10% FCP or corn and 20% FCP were used as well. Seven additional diets were formulated by adding Val, Ile, Trp, Val and Ile, Val and Trp, Ile and Trp, or Val, Ile, and Trp to the basal diet with 20% FCP. Average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), and average gain:feed ratio (G:F) were calculated for each phase and for the overall experiment. Fecal scores were recorded every other day in a five points scale by one single observer. Blood samples were collected on d 14 and d 28 from one pig per pen; plasma samples were analyzed for blood urea N, total protein, albumin, peptide YY, and immunoglobulin G. Ileal tissue and fecal samples were collected from one pig per pen on d 14 from the treatments fed the corn-SBM diet and from pigs fed the two basal diets containing 10 or 20% FCP. Fecal samples were analyzed for volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonium concentration, and microbial protein. Results indicated that inclusion of 10 or 20% FCP in diets reduced (P <0.05) final BW on d 28, ADG, and ADFI in phase 2 and for the entire experimental period. However, pigs fed the diet supplemented with Val, Ile, and Trp had a greater (P < 0.05) final BW and ADG in phase 2 and for the overall experiment than pigs fed the other FCP-containing diets. Fecal scores in phase 2 were reduced (P < 0.05) if FCP was used instead of SBM. On d 28, pigs fed the diet with 20% FCP and only Val, Val and Trp, or Val, Trp, and Ile had reduced (P < 0.01) blood urea N compared with pigs fed the corn-SBM diet or the other FCP-based diets. The values obtained for peptide YY ranged between 1.72 to 1.93 ng/mL and between 2.72 to 3.16 ng/mL for d 14 and d 28, respectively. The values obtained for immunoglobulin G ranged between 3.05 to 5.35 mg/mL and 3.91 to 6.59 mg/mL for d 14 and d 28, respectively. There were no effects of dietary treatments on peptide YY, immunoglobulin G, ileum morphology, VFA in feces, ammonium concentration, or microbial protein. In conclusion, FCP may be included up to 20% diets for weanling pigs with added Val, Ile, and Trp without having any negative effect on growth performance, gut health, or hindgut fermentation rate.

Graduation Semester

2024-05

Type of Resource

Thesis

Copyright and License Information

Copyright 2024 Andrea Paola Mallea Ortiz

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