University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV) and deformed wing virus (DWV) infection progression in honey bees

Prayugo, Vincent

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PRAYUGO-THESIS-2024.pdf

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https://hdl.handle.net/2142/124416

Description

Title
Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV) and deformed wing virus (DWV) infection progression in honey bees
Author(s)
Prayugo, Vincent
Issue Date
2024-04-29
Director of Research (if dissertation) or Advisor (if thesis)
Dolezal, Adam G
Committee Member(s)
  • Ngumbi, Esther N
  • Berenbaum, May R
Department of Study
Entomology
Discipline
Entomology
Degree Granting Institution
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Degree Name
M.S.
Degree Level
Thesis
Keyword(s)
  • IAPV
  • DWV
  • honey bees
Abstract
Honey bees are often exposed to and infected by multiple viruses, including deformed wing virus (DWV) and Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV). These pathogens are major contributors to high numbers of colony failures, threatening the supply of pollination services in agriculture. However, understanding and modeling infection and transmission dynamics is hampered by gaps in knowledge about the timeline of virus infection, specifically how virus titers change post-exposure. Moreover, while honey bees frequently experience co-occurring infections from multiple viruses, little is known about how co-infection affects virus replication dynamics or virus-induced mortality. I hypothesized that, while both DWV and IAPV are highly infectious and can result in mortality, each presents different virus titer dynamics and infection timelines. In addition, I hypothesized that co-infection might result in an amplified mortality response compared to individual virus infections due to the increased stress. To test these hypotheses, I exposed day-old honey bees to DWV, IAPV, and a combination of DWV and IAPV via carefully controlled experimental injections and tracked mortality and virus titers. After exposure, bees were maintained in the laboratory for 10 days and sampled daily for viral titer quantification. I observed a similar response pattern to both honey bee viruses in the first 24 hours post-infection, when virus titers rapidly spiked following injections. However, DWV infection was followed by persistent high titers and a delayed mortality response after peak DWV titer was achieved, whereas IAPV infection was rapidly followed by either mortality or a decline in titers as bees recovered from infection. I also observed an intermediate mortality response for co-infected bees, although there were ultimately no differences between virus titers of co-infected bees compared to virus titers of bees with single virus infections. These results help characterize virus infections beyond simply observing the most dramatic pathologies, such as deformations or paralysis, and will help to clarify how these pathogens spread and persist within and between honey bee colonies.
Graduation Semester
2024-05
Type of Resource
Thesis
Handle URL
https://hdl.handle.net/2142/124416
Copyright and License Information
Copyright 2024 Vincent Prayugo

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