Antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial use in companion animals in Illinois, United States: An observational study

Yudhanto, Setyo

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https://hdl.handle.net/2142/124281 Copy

Description

Title

Antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial use in companion animals in Illinois, United States: An observational study

Author(s)

Yudhanto, Setyo

Issue Date

2024-04-18

Director of Research (if dissertation) or Advisor (if thesis)

Varga, Csaba

Doctoral Committee Chair(s)

Varga, Csaba

Committee Member(s)

• Smith, Rebecca Lee
• Hung, Chien-Che
• Maddox, Carol W.

Department of Study

Pathobiology

Discipline

VMS - Pathobiology

Degree Granting Institution

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Degree Name

Ph.D.

Degree Level

Dissertation

Keyword(s)

• antimicrobial resistance
• antimicrobial use
• spatial epidemiology
• survey
• veterinarians
• antimicrobial stewardship
• small animal veterinarian
• dogs
• cats
• urinary tract infection
• bacteria
• Illinois
• USA.

Abstract

The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is acknowledged to be an interspecies and interdisciplinary issue that should be managed with collaborative efforts. Limiting the selection and spread of AMR at the human-animal interface includes the monitoring of local antimicrobial resistance patterns and assessing the perceptions and practices of small animal veterinarians regarding AMR and antimicrobial use (AMU). Understanding the AMR patterns and the small animal veterinarians’ knowledge and attitude toward AMU and AMR are crucial to aid veterinary authorities in designing effective antimicrobial stewardship programs. Our first study analyzed canine urine sample data from the University of Illinois Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory. This study described the prevalence and AMR profile of common bacteria in dogs with suspected urinary tract infections (UTI) to assist veterinarians in their antimicrobial prescription choices when treating UTI. Hierarchical clustering methods were used to identify multidrug resistance. Regression analysis was run to compare the AMR patterns between each of the two most common Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. A high prevalence of resistance to antimicrobials prescribed regularly to treat UTIs treatment including penicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and enrofloxacin was identified in urinary bacteria of dogs. Among Gram-positive bacteria the probability of resistance to enrofloxacin was higher in Streptococcus canis isolates compared to Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. Among Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli had higher odds of resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and cephalosporins compared to Proteus mirabilis. In the second study, an online survey was conducted to assess small animal veterinarians’ knowledge and perspectives on AMR and AMU issues, including the factors influencing their prescription practices. Spatial epidemiology methods were applied to evaluate the geographical variations in response rates and knowledge scores. Accounting for the background veterinarian population in each Illinois county, a higher-than-expected response rate area was identified in central-east Illinois and a lower-than-expected area in the northeast. Meanwhile, a high knowledge score area was observed in the northeast region and a low knowledge score area was observed in the southeast of Illinois. The third study evaluated the online survey related to veterinarians' empirical treatment recommendations for common bacterial infections and the factors influencing their prescription practices. The findings revealed that while veterinarians mainly follow the antimicrobial prescription guidelines for the provided bacterial infection scenarios, certain practices should be improved. The text analysis evaluating veterinarians' challenges faced when prescribing antimicrobials included owner compliance, route of antimicrobial administration, and cost of bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility test. This thesis's main findings will be beneficial for animal health authorities when designing antimicrobial stewardship programs to maintain the effectiveness of antimicrobial treatments and reduce the overuse of antimicrobials.

Graduation Semester

2024-05

Type of Resource

Thesis

Copyright and License Information

© Copyright 2024 Setyo Yudhanto

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