University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

Development of a broadly protective protein-based multivalent vaccine against cholera and beyond

Upadhyay, Ipshita

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https://hdl.handle.net/2142/122129

Description

Title
Development of a broadly protective protein-based multivalent vaccine against cholera and beyond
Author(s)
Upadhyay, Ipshita
Issue Date
2023-11-30
Director of Research (if dissertation) or Advisor (if thesis)
Zhang, Weiping
Doctoral Committee Chair(s)
Zhang, Weiping
Committee Member(s)
  • Maddox, Carol
  • Lau, Gee
  • Steelman, Andrew
Department of Study
Pathobiology
Discipline
VMS - Pathobiology
Degree Granting Institution
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Degree Name
Ph.D.
Degree Level
Dissertation
Keyword(s)
Vaccine, cholera, pre-clinical, mice, rabbits, MEFA, in-silico, computational, Cholera MEFA, Vibrio cholerae
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae continues to be a significant global health concern. Using multiepitope fusion antigen (MEFA) vaccinology platform we developed cholera MEFA which presents antigenic domains from virulence factors of V. cholerae, including toxin coregulated pilus A, cholera toxin (CT), sialidase, hemolysin A, and flagellins B, C, and D along with peptide mimics of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cholera MEFA elicited antibodies targeting all the virulence factors except LPS in mice. Additionally, adult rabbits demonstrated a remarkable 2-log (99%) reduction in V. cholerae colonization, and newborn rabbits born to mothers who received cholera MEFA acquired antigen-specific antibodies passively, resulting in protection from bacterial intestinal colonization and diarrhea following the challenge with four different strains of V. cholerae. Moreover, in mice, cholera MEFA elicited high immunogenic titers at a low dose of 5µg. It was further observed that on co-administering cholera MEFA with ETEC MEFA, both vaccine candidates retained their immunogenicity in mice against included virulent antigens. Overall, this study underscores the broad immunogenic and cross-protective nature of the polyvalent cholera protein, suggesting its potential as an antigen for a cross-protective cholera vaccine. The use of the infant rabbit passive protection model represents a crucial advancement in preclinical efficacy assessment and may help overcome hurdles in the development of cholera vaccine. The comparable immunogenicity on co-administration with ETEC MEFA further validates the potential use of cholera MEFA in resource-limited settings.
Graduation Semester
2023-12
Type of Resource
Thesis
Copyright and License Information
Copyright 2023 Ipshita Upadhyay

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