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Consequences of agricultural advances on soil and maize microbiomes
Raglin, Sierra Summer
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https://hdl.handle.net/2142/120404
Description
- Title
- Consequences of agricultural advances on soil and maize microbiomes
- Author(s)
- Raglin, Sierra Summer
- Issue Date
- 2023-04-24
- Director of Research (if dissertation) or Advisor (if thesis)
- Kent, Angela D
- Doctoral Committee Chair(s)
- Yang, Wendy
- Committee Member(s)
- Ngumbi, Esther N
- Marshall-Colon, Amy
- Heath, Katy
- Department of Study
- Natural Res & Env Sci
- Discipline
- Natural Res & Env Sciences
- Degree Granting Institution
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Degree Name
- Ph.D.
- Degree Level
- Dissertation
- Keyword(s)
- Maize
- Zea Mays
- Microbiome
- Rhizosphere
- Nitrification
- Herbivory
- Herbivore-induced Volatile Compounds
- Nitrogen
- Nitrification Suppression
- Plant Growth-promoting
- Language
- eng
- Abstract
- Soil microorganisms drive agroecosystems sustainability through soil stabilization, nutrient provisioning, and multi-trophic interactions which alter pathogen and pest resistance. However, agricultural advances directly manipulate soil microbiomes by modifying nutrient ecology with the addition of industrial nitrogen fertilizers, temporally changing soil health. Indirectly, agricultural management influences soil microbiomes by plant species, diverging the rhizosphere microbiome across cultivars within a species due to domestication and breeding. Therefore, this dissertation seeks to understand direct and indirect manipulation of soil microbiomes by exploring management-driven changes in soil nitrogen cycling microbiota, as well as microbe-maize-pest multitrophic interactions important for minimizing pest damage. Long-term changes in nitrogen fertilization, both inorganic and organic, alter nitrification potential due to changes in nitrogen availability, as well as the physiochemical characteristics of soil important for nitrifying activity. Breeding of maize within these fertilized systems alters the selective environment, causing a decrease in maize nitrogen-acquisition symbioses, seen as a reduction of rhizosphere nitrification inhibition throughout maize’s breeding history. Breeding may have altered the multi-trophic interactions between microbes-plants-herbivore through the manipulation of herbivore-induced volatile compounds. Jasmonic acid and terpenoid volatiles were altered throughout maize’s breeding history, potentially due to selection for aboveground architecture. Moreover, this resulted in an enrichment of endophytic Rhodocyclaceae within modern varieties, potentially due to changes in polyunsaturated fatty acid contents in maize roots. Unfortunately, managing the rhizosphere microbiome for enhanced volatile production is highly variable, due to genotype-specific dynamics in both volatile compound and root microbiome composition. Bacillus altitudinus, plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria had minimal effect on HIPV composition and abundance, suggesting not all rhizobacteria interact with the plant volatilome. Transitioning industrial systems to low-input systems that minimize the adverse effects of agriculture on environmental health requires understanding how microbiomes are manipulated through industrial practices and should identify microbiome-associated phenotypes that can be leveraged to maximize agricultural sustainability and reduce the reliance on synthetic additives.
- Graduation Semester
- 2023-05
- Type of Resource
- Thesis
- Handle URL
- https://hdl.handle.net/2142/120404
- Copyright and License Information
- Copyright 2023, Sierra Summer Raglin
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Graduate Dissertations and Theses at Illinois PRIMARY
Graduate Theses and Dissertations at IllinoisManage Files
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