Withdraw
Loading…
A universal biosensing platform for molecular diagnosis of emerging pathogens: From probe selection to clinical studies
Alafeef, Maha Mohammad Shehadeh
This item is only available for download by members of the University of Illinois community. Students, faculty, and staff at the U of I may log in with your NetID and password to view the item. If you are trying to access an Illinois-restricted dissertation or thesis, you can request a copy through your library's Inter-Library Loan office or purchase a copy directly from ProQuest.
Permalink
https://hdl.handle.net/2142/120365
Description
- Title
- A universal biosensing platform for molecular diagnosis of emerging pathogens: From probe selection to clinical studies
- Author(s)
- Alafeef, Maha Mohammad Shehadeh
- Issue Date
- 2023-04-19
- Director of Research (if dissertation) or Advisor (if thesis)
- Pan, Dipanjan
- Doctoral Committee Chair(s)
- Pan, Dipanjan
- Committee Member(s)
- Bashir, Rashid
- Nie, Shuming
- Cunningham, Brian
- Department of Study
- Bioengineering
- Discipline
- Bioengineering
- Degree Granting Institution
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Degree Name
- Ph.D.
- Degree Level
- Dissertation
- Keyword(s)
- Biosensors, nanotechnology, diagnostic technologies, nanoparticles, infectious diseases
- Abstract
- COVID-19 continues to spread rapidly throughout the world, causing unprecedented disruption in modern society. While vaccines continue to be highly effective at preventing serious illnesses caused by this virus, new epidemiological data raised concerns about the arrival of new variants with potentially higher transmissibility. As these fast-emerging mutations fuel a fresh wave of infections, diagnostics continue to play a critical role in our efforts to contain and mitigate the pandemic. Rapid, easily accessible testing helps reduce the probability of mass outbreaks, as patients can be quickly identified and then self-quarantined. However, the current pandemic highlighted the limitations in existing analytical techniques that must be quickly adapted to stop the rapid spread of the virus. Diagnostics are applied to different patient populations in settings ranging from outpatient clinics and hospital intensive care units (ICUs) to point-of-care (POC) tests. Traditionally, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the culture-based method served as the gold standard for the diagnosis of the pathogen, yet they are labor-intensive, slow, and not suitable for mass testing. The effective response to a pandemic of this magnitude would be the wide availability of assays that can identify the pathogen rapidly without compromising the test sensitivity. The accessibility of such tests will help in clarifying the etiology of the patient's illness, influence treatment modalities, and enable public health surveillance. We demonstrated that novel DNA probes can be designed and placed in various diagnostic platforms to satisfy the criteria outlined above for molecular detection of COVID-19. Diagnostic assays which we developed can be categorized into three main categories, i.e., i) laboratory-based techniques with comparable sensitivity to RT-qPCR but with much faster turnaround time, ii) point-of-care tests that offer the same speed and at the same time addresses the sensitivity issues with the widely available antigen tests, and iii) rapid tests that can be deployed at home for screening multiple viral infections at a time. Regardless of the sensor’s signal output, their high specificity is primarily achieved based on the use of single-stranded DNA or antisense oligonucleotides (ASO). In principle, every single sensor is constructed with this technology, has a single target, and will bind no other, even in a complex biological medium. While antibodies are quite versatile, they are prone to denaturation and cannot recognize every analyte. We engineered nucleic acid probes that interact with the genetic sequences of the virus irrespective of its ongoing mutations. The probes target a specific segment of the nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (N) gene of SARS-CoV-2, which does not mutate among the known variants, with high binding efficiency. To achieve sensitive detection of pathogens, two distinct characteristics of nanomaterials, i.e., optical (plasmonic and scattering) and electrochemical were employed. The signal output relies upon the changes that result from the direct interaction of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and a derivatized nucleic acid probe. The developed platform supports the interchangeability of the synthetic oligonucleotide responsible for viral detection allowing for rapid adaptation to new pathogens. Indeed, the diagnostic platform should be able to rival the deployment of PCR and other nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) in the event a new genomic sequence of a new pathogen is available. To date, in addition to COVID-19, we have demonstrated that the approach can be used for multiplexing other pathogens, e.g., Flu A virus.
- Graduation Semester
- 2023-05
- Type of Resource
- Thesis
- Copyright and License Information
- Copyright 2023 Maha Alafeef
Owning Collections
Graduate Dissertations and Theses at Illinois PRIMARY
Graduate Theses and Dissertations at IllinoisManage Files
Loading…
Edit Collection Membership
Loading…
Edit Metadata
Loading…
Edit Properties
Loading…
Embargoes
Loading…