Vegetable intake and seasoning habits in those with diabetes mellitus type 2

Denton, Flora Rose

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https://hdl.handle.net/2142/115490 Copy

Description

Title

Vegetable intake and seasoning habits in those with diabetes mellitus type 2

Author(s)

Denton, Flora Rose

Issue Date

2022-04-27

Director of Research (if dissertation) or Advisor (if thesis)

Chapman-Novakofski, Karen M

Department of Study

Food Science & Human Nutrition

Discipline

Food Science & Human Nutrition

Degree Granting Institution

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Degree Name

M.S.

Degree Level

Thesis

Keyword(s)

• diabetes
• type 2 diabetes
• vegetables
• herbs and spices
• lifestyle modification
• diet
• glycemic control

Abstract

Introduction. Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (DMT2) is a widespread issue affecting nearly one in ten US adults. Non-starchy vegetables are an essential and practical component of a healthful diet to manage DMT2, however, vegetable intake in this population has not been extensively studied. The objectives of this investigation are to quantify vegetable intake in individuals with DMT2 and compare actual intake to current recommendations, determine if total vegetable intake is significantly associated with the glycemic control marker of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), investigate the potential relationship between vegetable intake and body mass index (BMI) in this population, and determine if vegetable seasoning habits have a significant impact on total vegetable intake for these individuals. Methods. The Vegetable Intake and Seasoning Habits (VISH) survey was explicitly created for this target population. The survey was developed through a combination of literature review and input from those with experience working with the target population. VISH was then validated through cognitive interviewing (n = 9) and input from a panel of experts in the field (n = 5). Following changes made to VISH as a result of the reliability studies, VISH was then assessed for reliability using the test-retest method (n = 30) with three weeks between survey distributions. Readability was also assessed concurrently with data collection for the final project to ensure that it was appropriate and understandable for the target audience. The primary study recruited participants from the larger Real People with Diabetes parent study (n = 131), obtaining a final sample of n = 50 participants who agreed to take VISH. Data collection occurred through electronic survey distribution or mailed surveys over nine months. VISH results were supplemented with select data from the parent study, including clinical data obtained from a medical center partnered with the research team. Descriptive analyses were run on all variables. Non-parametric testing was used for quantitative analyses, including Spearman correlations for continuous and ordinal variables, and Pearson Chi-Square when comparing one or more binary variables. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to determine significant predictors of vegetable intake, BMI, and HbA1c. Results. Vegetable intake was not significantly associated with HbA1c, BMI, or seasoning habits in this population. A larger proportion of this sample (n = 17; 34%) were meeting recommended daily vegetable intake volume compared to the 2015 reported statistic of 9.3 percent of the general US adult population. Additionally, while the majority of this sample reported experiencing depression (n = 36; 72%), this variable was not significantly associated with total vegetable intake, HbA1c, or BMI in this sample. Similarly, while approximately one-quarter of the sample screened positive for food insecurity (n = 13; 26%), this demographic characteristic was not significantly associated with vegetable intake, HbA1c, or BMI. Lastly, the length of time an individual had been living with their diagnosis of DMT2 was found to be significantly associated with several variables of interest, including HbA1c (positive), total vegetable intake (positive), and total non-starchy vegetable intake (negative). Conclusion. The modest size of this sample (n = 50) may have made it difficult to detect significant relationships between vegetable intake and clinical or other data previously reported in the literature; however, it appears that vegetable intake in individuals with DMT2 may be higher than the average US adult. Additionally, the duration of diagnosis of DMT2 may have a modest but significant influence on several important aspects of diabetes management, including glycemic control and HbA1c.

Graduation Semester

2022-05

Type of Resource

Thesis

Copyright and License Information

Copyright 2022 Flora Rose Denton

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