University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

Message processing in romantic dyads: how attachment and relational uncertainty impact relational outcomes

Theisen-Raub, Jaclyn Christine

Content Files
THEISEN-RAUB-DISSERTATION-2021.pdf

Permalink

https://hdl.handle.net/2142/113881

Description

Title
Message processing in romantic dyads: how attachment and relational uncertainty impact relational outcomes
Author(s)
Theisen-Raub, Jaclyn Christine
Issue Date
2021-12-03
Director of Research (if dissertation) or Advisor (if thesis)
Ogolsky, Brian G
Doctoral Committee Chair(s)
Ogolsky, Brian G
Committee Member(s)
  • Bost, Kelly
  • Hardesty, Jennifer L
  • Knobloch, Leanne
Department of Study
Human Dvlpmt & Family Studies
Discipline
Human Dvlpmt & Family Studies
Degree Granting Institution
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Degree Name
Ph.D.
Degree Level
Dissertation
Date of Ingest
2022-04-29T21:34:38Z
Keyword(s)
  • attachment
  • relational uncertainty
  • romantic relationship
  • communication
  • humor
Abstract
One of the primary questions that drive relationship science is why some relationships last, whereas other relationships falter. Theories and models of close relationships suggest that interpersonal communication is fundamental to understanding relationship outcomes (Ogolsky & Bowers, 2013; Ogolsky, Monk, Rice, Theisen, & Maniotes, 2017). For example, effective communication is positively related to relationship satisfaction, health, and functioning (Gottman, et al., 1998; Vangelisti, 2015), whereas maladaptive communication is a predictor of divorce and is associated with lower relationship satisfaction (Buehlman, Gottman, & Katz, 1992; Gottman & Krokoff, 1989; Gottman & Levenson, 1999, 2000). However, there have been mixed findings for which positive communication was related to negative outcomes and negative communication was related to positive outcomes (Gottman & Krokoff, 1989). One possible explanation for these conflicting results is that partners’ use of effective or maladaptive communication strategies may not be the sole predictor of relational outcomes. Instead, the way in which people interpret their partner’s messages (e.g., message processing) and discrepancies between partners’ perceptions may play a considerable role in how relationships unfold (Barry & Lawrence, 2013; Fincham, 2001; Reis, Clark, & Holmes, 2004). Therefore, this study examined message processing in terms of the discrepancies in partners’ perceptions of affiliative and aggressive humor use. In addition, the current research incorporates two theoretical approaches that are relevant to message processing and relational outcomes: relational turbulence and attachment. The first approach, relational turbulence theory, is rooted in communications and suggests that relational uncertainty influences communication processes (e.g., Solomon & Theiss, 2011). The second approach is from a dispositional perspective, suggesting that there are between-person differences in the predispositions that people bring to communication exchanges. In particular, the dispositional factor examined in this study (i.e., attachment styles) has been shown to influence people’s views and evaluations of communication messages (Bachman & Bippus, 2005). Altogether, in this study, I collected data from 160 couples to examine how discrepancies are associated with relational outcomes (i.e., relationship satisfaction, feeling understood and misunderstood) and how relational uncertainty and attachment (i.e., avoidance, anxiety) moderate this relationship. This was employed through a laboratory design in which couples engaged in a total of 9-minutes of conversations where they discussed a quality they wanted to change about their romantic partner. Partners then completed self-report measures and individually rated their video-recorded conversations to identify and rate affiliative and aggressive humor. I found that whether a person is higher or lower on attachment anxiety and avoidance, as well as if they report higher or lower relationship uncertainty can impact relational outcomes when there are fewer or more discrepancies in partners’ reports. However, there were gender differences, and the majority of the findings were insignificant for women. These results suggest that it is important to consider multiple factors as well as both partners’ perspectives to understand communication exchanges. Therefore, these findings contribute to our understanding of how partners’ perceptions, the relational environment, and individual differences can influence the communication process.
Graduation Semester
2021-12
Type of Resource
Thesis
Permalink
http://hdl.handle.net/2142/113881
Copyright and License Information
Copyright 2021 Jaclyn Theisen-Raub

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