Withdraw
Loading…
First detection of otarine herpesvirus-1 in South America: Characterizing the epidemiology in a Peruvian pinniped population
Tang, Karisa Nichole
Loading…
Permalink
https://hdl.handle.net/2142/105177
Description
- Title
- First detection of otarine herpesvirus-1 in South America: Characterizing the epidemiology in a Peruvian pinniped population
- Author(s)
- Tang, Karisa Nichole
- Issue Date
- 2019-04-23
- Director of Research (if dissertation) or Advisor (if thesis)
- Allender, Matthew C.
- Committee Member(s)
- Langan, Jennifer N
- Colegrove, Kathleen M
- Department of Study
- Vet Clinical Medicine
- Discipline
- VMS-Veterinary Clinical Medcne
- Degree Granting Institution
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Degree Name
- M.S.
- Degree Level
- Thesis
- Keyword(s)
- otarine herpesvirus
- OtHV-1
- pinniped
- South American sea lion
- Peruvian fur seal
- otariid
- herpes
- Abstract
- Otarine herpesvirus-1 (OtHV-1) is associated with high rates of urogenital carcinoma in free-ranging California sea lions (Zalophus californianus), but rarely considered a conservation concern in the southern hemisphere. The objective of this study was to survey free-ranging South American sea lions (Otaria byronia) and Peruvian fur seals (Arctocephalus australis unnamed subspecies) in Punta San Juan, Peru for OtHV-1 and to determine prevalence by demographic factors. Twenty-one percent (14/67) of urogenital swabs collected over three years (2011, 2014, 2015) from live pinnipeds tested positive with a pan-herpesvirus conventional PCR. Sequencing revealed 99% homology to OtHV-1 at the DNA polymerase gene. Urogenital, conjunctival, and oropharyngeal swabs collected from 136 live pinnipeds at Punta San Juan between 2011-2018 were then assayed using quantitative PCR for a segment of the OtHV-1 DNA polymerase gene. In total, 38.6% (51/132) of urogenital swabs, 5.6% (4/71) of conjunctival swabs, and 1.1% (1/90) of oropharyngeal swabs were positive for OtHV-1. Agreement in OtHV-1 detection between sampling sites was minimal to non-existent (Cohen’s Kappa=0.027-0.386). The most parsimonious multivariable logistic regression model predicting OtHV-1 detection (P < 0.0001) included species and age class, with South American sea lions (32/81, 39.5%) having a higher prevalence of OtHV-1 in urogenital swabs than Peruvian fur seals (19/51, 37.2%), and adults (46/95, 48.4%) having a higher prevalence than pups (5/37, 13.5%). In addition, female South American sea lions had higher copy numbers (median=8,819 copies/ng DNA) than males (median: 27 copies/ng DNA, P=0.012), and adult South American sea lions (median=219 copies/ng DNA) had higher copy numbers than pups (median: 3 copies/ng DNA, P=0.008). The much higher prevalence in adults compared with pups, as well as the higher sensitivity in urogenital swabs, suggests a sexual transmission, which is similar to California sea lions. These data provide insight into dynamics of the potentially oncogenic OtHV-1 in a novel ecosystem, emphasizing the importance of continued disease surveillance in vulnerable Peruvian marine mammal populations.
- Graduation Semester
- 2019-05
- Type of Resource
- text
- Permalink
- http://hdl.handle.net/2142/105177
- Copyright and License Information
- Copyright 2019 Karisa Tang
Owning Collections
Graduate Dissertations and Theses at Illinois PRIMARY
Graduate Theses and Dissertations at IllinoisManage Files
Loading…
Edit Collection Membership
Loading…
Edit Metadata
Loading…
Edit Properties
Loading…
Embargoes
Loading…