Shockwave energy dissipation by mechanoresponsive materials

Lee, Jaejun

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https://hdl.handle.net/2142/101767 Copy

Description

Title

Shockwave energy dissipation by mechanoresponsive materials

Author(s)

Lee, Jaejun

Issue Date

2018-06-26

Director of Research (if dissertation) or Advisor (if thesis)

Sottos, Nancy R.

Doctoral Committee Chair(s)

Sottos, Nancy R.

Committee Member(s)

• Schweizer, Kenneth S.
• Leal, Cecilia
• Evans, Christopher M.

Department of Study

Materials Science & Engineerng

Discipline

Materials Science & Engr

Degree Granting Institution

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Degree Name

Ph.D.

Degree Level

Dissertation

Keyword(s)

• shockwave
• mechanoresponsive materials
• mechanochemistry
• ionic liquids
• shockwave energy dissipation
• dynamic polymer networks

Abstract

Shockwaves are characterized by high pressure and strain rate with extremely short duration about nanoseconds. Blast-induced traumatic brain injury sustained by personnel exposed to shockwave-generating high-energy explosives results in costly and debilitating health effects. Novel approaches for shockwave energy dissipation (SWED) are demanded since conventional impact absorbing materials do not provide sufficient shockwave attenuation. This research seeks to develop new approaches for efficient SWED in materials designed based on the availability of shock responsive chemical and physical reactions. A laser-induced shockwave test is developed to evaluate the energy dissipation performance of testing films. For a glass substrate, the input pressure of the shockwave with a Gaussian shaped pressure profile is tuned from 1 to 2 GPa by adjusting launch laser fluence. A fused silica substrate develops an initial stress wave to a triangle shaped pressure profile due to the nonlinear wave propagation properties, which allows the exploration of the duration time effects on energy dissipation. Benchmark energy dissipation values are obtained from polyurea films to provide a standard of comparison. The availability of energy dissipation by shock-induced microstructural changes and chemical reactions is investigated. In a series of network-forming ionic liquids (NILs) synthesized, each NIL possesses a different nano-scale structure consisting of charged clusters and alkyl domains. Irreversible shock-induced structural ordering changes with the creation of new nano-segregated domains in the NIL with the longest alkyl chain spacer enhances the shockwave absorption performance. The more ordered domains result in an 11.2 K increase of Tg due to the extra spatial restriction. In another set of experiments, the energy dissipation properties of the dynamic PDMS networks (PDMS-B-DR) containing boronic ester bonds, which allows self-healing via reversible bond exchange reactions are studied. By increasing the density of boronic ester bonds in PDMS-B-DR, lower peak pressures are measured, and its energy absorption capability outperforms covalent PDMS and polyurea. PDMS7-B-DR with the highest density of boronic ester bonds reduces the input peak pressure to 19.9 % at the highest launch laser fluence. The dissociation of boronic ester bonds in PDMS-B-DR is assumed as the main mechanism for energy dissipation. Finally, the potential of using a laser-induced shockwave to facilitate the phase transformation of supercooled liquids is explored. The accelerated nucleation of 1,2-bis(phenylethynyl)benzene (PEB) from its supercooled state is induced by shockwave impact with 1.2 GPa peak pressure and 15 ns duration. The nano-scale structural effects on shockwave energy dissipation is explored using a series of polymerized ionic liquids (PILs) with varying alkyl spacer length between imidazolium cations. X-ray scattering analysis reveals that each of the amorphous PILs exhibit distinct nanoscale structural heterogeneity, depending on the length of the chain spacer. Although the morphology is different, the PILs are designed and synthesized to have similar glass transition temperature. Increased structural heterogeneity in the PILs, corresponding to more ordered charged clusters, leads to greater energy dissipation. In addition, we observe the amorphous phase is more effective at attenuating energy than the crystalline phase due to close packed morphology and slow kinetics. The shock-induced chemical reactions and nano-scale structural changes observed from the mechanoresponsive materials in this dissertation provide new insights for the development of efficient shockwave absorption materials that prevent traumatic brain injuries. The nano-scale heterogeneous structure consisting of two different phases is critical for designing soft materials for effective dissipation of shockwave loading.

Graduation Semester

2018-08

Type of Resource

text

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http://hdl.handle.net/2142/101767

Copyright and License Information

Copyright 2018 Jaejun Lee

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