Differences in brain architecture during long-term recovery following mild traumatic brain injury

Aishwarya, -

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https://hdl.handle.net/2142/97697 Copy

Description

Title

Differences in brain architecture during long-term recovery following mild traumatic brain injury

Author(s)

Aishwarya, -

Issue Date

2017-04-13

Director of Research (if dissertation) or Advisor (if thesis)

• Kramer, Arthur F.
• Heller, Wendy

Department of Study

Psychology

Discipline

Psychology

Degree Granting Institution

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Degree Name

M.A.

Degree Level

Thesis

Keyword(s)

• Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI)
• Frontal pole
• Long-term recovery
• Resting state
• Fractional anisotropy
• Volume
• Thickness

Abstract

Mild TBI (mTBI) is brain trauma from an external impact with a loss of consciousness less than 30 minutes. mTBI results in several biopsychosocial impairments with pronounced cognitive deficits, thought to resolve within three months of injury. Previous research suggests that these impairments are due to a temporary inability to appropriately allocate neural resources in response to cognitive demands. Our study questioned this assumption and instead hypothesized that mTBI was associated with long-term neural disruptions and compromised brain structure integrity. By extension, we investigated the likelihood that functional restitution and cognitive resolution following mTBI may be due to some form of neurofunctional reorganization. To this end, we examined abnormalities in resting state functional connectivity and structure (volume, thickness, and fractional anisotropy) in two groups of mTBI – those with 1-10 yrs. time-post injury (mTBI1-10), and those with 20-65 yrs. time post-injury (mTBI20-65), relative to age-, sex-, and education-matched controls. We observed abnormalities in brain architecture only in the mTBI1-10 group, characterized by functional hypo-activation in the right frontal pole, smaller frontal pole volume, and lesser fractional anisotropy in the genu of the corpus callosum that extended near the right frontal pole. This frontal region is laterally specialized to regulate function specific to socio-emotional processes. Collectively, neural disruptions and structural insult in mTBI may persist up to 10 years following injury but injury-related pathology may resolve with longer recovery time. Disruption to frontal-dependent function that supports socio-emotional processes may also interfere with cognitive functioning, as in the case of chronic mTBI.

Graduation Semester

2017-05

Type of Resource

text

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http://hdl.handle.net/2142/97697

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Copyright 2017 Aishwarya -

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