Color stability and phenolic composition from corn pericarp extracts in a beverage model and protective and anti-inflammatory potential of anthocyanin-rich plant extracts on celiac disease in vitro

Haggard, Sage W

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https://hdl.handle.net/2142/97640 Copy

Description

Title

Color stability and phenolic composition from corn pericarp extracts in a beverage model and protective and anti-inflammatory potential of anthocyanin-rich plant extracts on celiac disease in vitro

Author(s)

Haggard, Sage W

Issue Date

2017-04-28

Director of Research (if dissertation) or Advisor (if thesis)

de Mejia, Elvira G.

Department of Study

Food Science & Human Nutrition

Discipline

Food Science & Human Nutrition

Degree Granting Institution

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Degree Name

M.S.

Degree Level

Thesis

Keyword(s)

Anthocyanin celiac

Abstract

Anthocyanins are increasing in popularity as natural colorants but are less stable than synthetic colorants. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder that affects the small intestine when gluten, a protein found in wheat, rye and barley is consumed, the immune system responds producing inflammation and inhibiting the absorption of nutrients into the body. The objective of phase I was to evaluate color stability of nine anthocyanin-rich color corn variety pericarp extracts and the objectives of phase II were to evaluate the potential of anthocyanin-rich plant extracts to protect human epithelial cells against a celiac toxic peptide (CTP) and to compare the effect of different anthocyanin extracts on inflammatory proteins using a human inflammation array. In phase I of this study we compared the color stability of nine anthocyanin-rich extracts from different colored corn varieties pericarp that were added to a beverage model and stored at different temperatures for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks at 32 °C, variety (V)6 (High condensed form, high cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), low pelargonidin (Pg), low peonidin (Pn), low in acylated forms), had the smallest percent decrease in chroma and longest anthocyanin half-life. V3 (very low condensed form, high Pg, low Pn, high C3-mal, high Pg3-mal, high Pn3-mal) and V5 (high condensed form, high C3G, low Pg, low Pn, high C3-mal, low other acylated forms) had the most favorable hue. V5 and V6 had the smallest change in color over time. These findings suggest that an abundance of condensed forms with C3G in extracts could contribute to the improved stability. However, corn extracts containing more peonidin-derived anthocyanins had reduced stability in the beverage model. The most promising corn varieties for future experiments are V3, 5, and 6 based on color retention. In phase II, healthy differentiated Caco-2 epithelial-like human cells were treated with a known CTP from wheat protein, alpha-gliadin H-6712 Gliadorphin-7, H-Tyr-Pro-Gln-Pro-Gln-Pro-Phe-OH (YPQPQPF). Anthocyanin-rich extracts from fruits (red and purple grape), vegetables (purple sweet potato and purple carrot), grains (colored corn, black rice, sorghum, and blue wheat), and legumes (black bean, black lentil, black peanut, and purple bean) were tested to evaluate their protective effects on Caco-2 cells treated with CTP using a cell proliferation assay. Cell protection was evaluated using 0.001-1 mg dry weight extract/mL in the presence of 25 mM CTP (C+) (IC95). A human inflammation array was performed comparing untreated Caco-2 cells (C-) with Caco-2 cells treated with C+, red corn acidified water extract (RAW), and purple corn acidified water extract (PAW) with additional ethyl acetate purification (PAWE) 1 mg/mL extract in the presence of C+. Corn varieties increased protection (60-80%) except for variety F (pelargonidin, low acylated), purple corn pure water extract (PW) and PAW increased cell protection (20-50%), and black peanut increased protection over 60% at low concentrations (p<0.05). PAWE exhibited a 3.6 fold decrease (FD) on granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), both RAW and PAWE exhibited a 0.14 and 0.22 fold increase (FI) respectively on interleukin (IL) 6, RAW had a 4.3 FI on IL-11, and PAWE exhibited a 0.35 FI on metallopeptidase inhibitor 2 (TIMP-2) (p<0.05). Interleukin 11 and TIMP-2 are anti-inflammatory while IL-6 can be both anti- or pro-inflammatory and GM-CSF is pro-inflammatory. The ability of anthocyanin-rich plant extracts to inhibit CTP and JAK3 has positive implication for human health; these extracts could potentially decrease the occurrence of inflammation for gluten sensitive individuals.

Graduation Semester

2017-05

Type of Resource

text

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Copyright 2017 Sage Haggard

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